中国南方红壤生态系统面临的问题及对策

南方红壤对于我国农业乃至整个国民经济的持续发展和人民生活水平的迅速提高发挥了重要作用，但由于红壤性质上的酸、瘦、粘等弱点，分布区域降水时空不均匀，以及不合理开发利用造成的水土流失、土壤退化、土壤污染等，导致红壤地区的生态环境恶化，红壤资源潜在的生产能力得不到应有的发挥，使整个地区农业及经济持续发展受到严重影响。目前，中国南方红壤生态系统面临水土流失、土壤酸化、肥力退化、季节性干旱、土壤污染、生物退化、石漠化及土地沙化、耕地面积缩减和系统功能衰减等问题。针对上述问题，在综合治理措施上必须提高认识，调整农业结构，优化耕作制度，大力发展立体农业，防治水土流失和土壤污染，改良土壤，培肥地力，重建红壤区植被生态系统，建立和完善红壤预警，从而保证南方红壤生态系统的持续稳定健康发展。

The problems in red soil ecosystem in southern of China and its countermeasures

Southern red soil plays an important role for sustainable development of agriculture, even the whole economy, and the rapid increase in people's living standard. But red soil has some weakness, such as acid, thin and sticky, the uneven temporal distribution of precipitation in the region, and the irrational exploitation which leading to soil erosion, degradation, contamination and deterioration of ecological environment in red soil areas, the potential production capacity of red soil resources are not properly exert, and the entire agriculture and sustainable economic development are severely affected. Currently, China Southern red soil ecosystem faces many problems, such as soil erosion, acidification, fertility degradation, seasonal drought, soil pollution, biological degradation, desertification, land desertification, reduction of arable land and system functions decay and so on. In response to these problems, we need to raise awareness of comprehensive measures, to adjust the agricultural structure, optimize the farming system, develop three-dimensional agriculture, control soil and water erosion and pollution, improve soil quality and soil fertility, reconstruct vegetate ecosystem of red soil, establish and improve red soil early-warning system, so as to ensure steady and healthy development of the southern red soil ecosystem.