节水栽培冬小麦对下层土壤残留氮素的利用

为了进一步明确华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系周年氮肥利用效率及其影响因素与机制,试验在大田和原状土柱条件下进行了深层土壤放置15N标记氮肥试验,重点研究节水栽培冬小麦对夏玉米生育期淋洗到下层土壤的氮素利用能力。试验结果表明,大田条件下冬小麦根系空间分布与夏玉米存在明显差异,冬前苗期根系下扎深度可达1.0m,开花期最大根深已经超过2.0m。而且,小麦节水栽培(春季不灌水、春季灌2次水)相对于传统充分灌水模式(春季灌4次水)明显提高了根群中的下层根系比例。大田春不灌水和春灌2水条件下,冬小麦对于100~200cm深层土壤放置的15N标记氮肥均能吸收利用。土柱条件下15N标记氮肥试验进一步验证了春灌2水条件下小麦对深层土壤氮素的吸收作用,并表明植株对100~110cm、120~130cm、140~150cm各层土壤标记15N的回收率分别为16.26%、7.33%和4.38%。研究表明,节水栽培促进冬小麦根系深扎,较多的深层根系增强了小麦对深层土壤氮素的吸收和利用能力,有利于截获夏玉米季淋溶到下层土体的肥料氮,从而可减少肥料氮损失。

Residual subsoil nitrogen utilization under water-saving cultivation in winter wheat

In order to identify the subsoil nitrogen capture ability of winter wheat under water saving cultivation, experiments were conducted in the field and undisturbed soil columns respectively with ~(15)N-labeled nitrogen placement in deep soil layer. The field site was divided into plots at 5×6 m~2 size. Fertilizers including 157.5kgN/hm~2,138.5kg P_2O_5/hm~2,113kg K_2O/hm~2 and 30kg ZnSO_4/hm~2 were applied as basal fertilizer before sowing. Three irrigation treatments in spring season (w0: no-irrigation, w2: ...