转型中工业城市的公园绿地社会公平性研究——以东莞市东城街道为例

作为城市重要的生态空间，公园绿地为城市提供环境基础及景观保障，其资源的合理分配是社会公平的重要体现。提出公园绿地社会公平性新的内涵，即无论个体所处的人居环境条件如何，其获得的城市公园绿地质量应该平等。工业城市向服务型、创新型城市的转变是中国城镇发展的典型趋势，研究其公园绿地的社会公平性为城市更新改造与公共资源分配提供重要的科学依据。以东莞市东城街道为例，构建社会-经济-自然复合人居指标体系与公园质量评价体系，基于可达性模型与Pearson相关性系数对公平性进行测度。结果表明：由于区域更新强度及顺序不同，研究区的绿地布局存在不公平现象，居民享受的公园质量与小区的自然、经济要素具有一定的关联。转型中的工业城市高质量公园聚集于风景资源优越的高端居住区，其他公园质量普遍不佳。工业园区以及旧城区为公园服务盲区的主要聚集地。

Social equity of park green space in transitional industrial cities: a case study of Dongcheng Street in Dongguan City

As an important ecological space in the city, the park green space provides the environmental foundation and landscape guarantee for the urbanization process. Moreover, the reasonable allocation of park green space is an important embodiment of social equity. Social equity emphasizes the rights and democratic values of residents and considers the fairness of use of parks by different social groups. This paper proposes a new connotation of social equity of park green space: no matter what the living environment is, the quality of urban park green space obtained by individuals should be equal. The transformation of industrial cities into service-oriented and innovative cities is a typical trend of urban development in China. The study on the social equity of park green space in the industrial city provides an important scientific basis for urban renewal and public resource allocation. Thus we build a social-economic-natural composite residential index system of community and an evaluation system of park quality. The quality of parks is evaluated in terms of the categories of parks, the proportion of forest land, the proportion of water, and the level of recreation facilities. The research uses network analysis to construct the accessibility model, while service coverage rate and service overlap rate are combined to measure the service level of parks in the study area. Based on the analysis of park quality and accessibility level, the research uses Pearson correlation coefficient to measure and analyze fairness, the service and layout problems of industrial city parks and their causes are discussed in combination with the economic development level of industrial city. Taking Dongcheng Street of Dongguan as an example, the results show that: (1) due to the varying intensity and progress of regional renewal, high-quality parks are mainly concentrated around the areas with excellent scenery resources, while other regions are generally of poor quality. (2) the laggard nature of park construction in the industrial region, old city reconstruction and the existence of undeveloped area and private garden make the blind area of park service accounting for 22.29% of the study area. (3) there exists the unfair phenomenon of green space service level in the research area. At present, the layout of urban park green space relies on the original mountain and water system, and the new urban area develops high-end residential areas by virtue of high-quality parks. Therefore, the overall quality of parks enjoyed by the community has a certain correlation with its natural and economic indexes. In the future, industrial cities should expand urban cultural connotation, develop the diversified park system, and improve the quality and distribution of parks. This study takes transitional industrial cities as the research area, comprehensively discusses the social equity of green space parks in combination with natural, economic and natural living environment elements. With the stratified random sampling method, taking the community as the basic research unit is better than the previous studies taking the streets and districts as the basic units, and the objective problems are more specifically exposed. Also, it is of practical significance to discuss the allocation of public resources from the perspective of park quality.