武汉城市圈生态网络时空演变及管控分析

武汉城市圈正历经城乡发展转型升级和空间格局调整,生态用地受到一定挤压和切割占用,生态系统功能和景观生态格局受到一定程度的扰动,为贯彻生态文明建设和绿色低碳环保发展的要求,构建以生态廊道、生态节点所组成的整体城市圈的生态网络空间体系。基于形态学空间格局方法和最小累积阻力模型构建4个时期（1990、2000、2010和2018年）的生态网络,利用景观连通性指数和重力模型对源地和廊道进行重要性评价,并提出武汉城市圈生态网络管控的建议。结果表明：（1）1990-2018年,武汉城市圈生态源地总体上表现为逐渐减少的趋势,从16个减少为10个;从空间上看,大型源地斑块并未发生变化,主要分布在研究区南部和北部,林地和水域是生态源地的主要组成景观,但细碎斑块大量减少对区域生态网络具有较大影响。（2）4个时期研究区的生态廊道分别为66条、120条、99条和45条,廊道数量呈现减少的趋势;重要廊道主要分布在研究区北部和东南部,对南北之间的物质和能量交换具有重要作用。（3）景观连通性南北高东西低,中部地区受人类活动干扰综合阻力大,东西部生态节点较少,物种迁移阻碍较大。（4）通过建设踏脚石、修复生态断裂点和廊道差异化保护策略以增强区域景观连通性,促进生物多样性保护,提升生态网络的稳定性。"两型社会"试验区设置后武汉城市圈生态网络水平呈现优化态势,但生态源地之间的相互作用关系还有待增强。研究结果为城市圈未来的国土空间规划和重要生态系统保护和修复工程提供科学参考。

Analysis on the spatio-temporal evolution and regulation of the ecological network in Wuhan metropolitan area

Ecological land is being squeezed and fragmentized, and ecosystem functions and landscape ecological patterns are disturbed to some degree by transforming and upgrading of urban and rural development and spatial pattern adjustment in Wuhan metropolitan area. In order to implement the requirements of ecological civilization construction and green, low-carbon and environmental protection development, this article constructs the ecological network space system of the whole urban circle composed of ecological corridors and ecological nodes. Based on the morphologically spatial pattern method and the minimum cumulative resistance model, the ecological network of Wuhan metropolitan area was constructed in 4 periods (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018), and the importance of source sites and corridors was evaluated using the landscape connectivity index and the gravity model, and proposed recommendations for ecological network management and regulation. The results show that: (1) from 1990 to 2018, the ecological source areas of Wuhan metropolitan area indicated a gradual decrease, from 16 to 10; from a spatial point of view, the large-scale source patches, which was mainly distributed in the south and north of the study area, did not change, and forest and water were the main components of the ecological source landscape, but the large reduction of fractured patches had a large impact on the regional network. (2) There were 66, 120, 99 and 45 ecological corridors in the study area in the four periods, and the number of corridors showed a decreasing trend. Important corridors were mainly distributed in the north and southeast of the study area. The exchange of matter and energy played an important role. (3) Landscape connectivity was high in the north and south, and low in the east and west. There were few ecological nodes and the large obstacles to species migration in the east and west, while high comprehensive resistance and low landscape connectivity appeared in the central region. (4) Measures are taken to enhance regional landscape connectivity, and promote biodiversity protection and the stability of the ecological network, such as the construction of stepping stones, restoration of ecological breakpoints, and differentiated protection strategies for corridors. After the development of the "two-oriented society" experimental zone, the level of the ecological network of the Wuhan metropolitan area has been optimized, but the interaction between ecological sources needs to be strengthened. The research results provide a scientific reference for the future land and space planning of the city circle.