苔藓植物对贵州丹寨汞矿区汞污染的生态监测

采用野外生态学系统取样方法和室内理化分析方法相结合,分别从苔藓植物地球化学特征、物种丰富度、群落类型、群落的结构等生物学特征上,探讨苔藓植物对丹寨汞矿区汞污染的生态监测。丹寨汞矿区苔藓植物共20个科,34属85种;真藓科和丛藓科占优势。在汞污染程度不同的4种生境梯度中,汞含量均超出国家土壤环境质量三级土标准的10倍以上。各研究生境梯度真藓(Bryum argenteum),丛生真藓(Bryum caespiticium)和狭叶小羽藓(Haplocladium angustifolium)体内的汞含量与其生境基质(土壤)的汞含量在P＜0.01水平上呈显著的正相关;且信度系数R均大于0.9,表明被测苔藓植物在地球化学特征上具有监测环境汞污染的生态功能。物种丰富度特征方面,汞污染严重区域物种丰富度较低;而污染程度相对较轻区域物种丰富度则较大;表明了该区苔藓植物丰富度总体上可以作为环境中汞污染的监测指标之一。群落学特征方面,群落类型丰富度在汞污染较重的区域丰富度较低;而苔藓植物群落结构方面,在汞污染较重区域过渡到汞污染相对较轻区域,纯群落数在逐渐减少,但3种及3种以上组成的群落数却有所增加。表现了苔藓群落结构组成越简单则该区汞污染较严重,苔藓植物结构组成越复杂则该区的汞污染程度相对较轻。这说明了苔藓植物群落特征也较适合作为汞矿区生态监测的指标。在汞污染区过渡到相对清洁区的污染过渡带,苔藓物种多样性和群落类型趋于多样化,产生了较明显群落边缘效应。

Ecological monitoring of bryophytes for mercury pollution in Danzhai Mercury Mine Area, Guizhou Province, China

Mercury(Hg) is a global pollutant and poses a worldwide concern due to its high ecological risk.Ecological monitoring of mercury pollution in Danzhai Mercury Mine Area was studied using bryophytes by means of a systematic sampling design in the field and a physicochemical analysis in the laboratory.Geochemical characteristics,species abundance,community types and community components of bryophytes in this mining area were investigated.Four kinds of habitats with different mercury pollution levels were sampl...