扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢的内分布型及巢域

为了探讨丹顶鹤繁殖种群的空间分布,2002～2006年的4～5月份,在黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区,采用定点观察法、无样地取样法、GPS定位等研究方法和分布距离指数、最近邻体法等衡量指标对丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)巢的内分布型及巢域进行了研究.结果表明:(1)扎龙保护区丹顶鹤巢的内分布型,I2002=2.140>2,I2003=2.048>2,I2004=2.093>2, I2006=3.263>2,均为聚集分布;(2)在假设扎龙保护区丹顶鹤巢域面积等于领域面积、巢域形状为圆形且所有个体面积大小相等的前提下,丹顶鹤的巢域为(0.510±0.019)km2,年度间有所差异,分别为2002年(0.542±0.257)km2、2003年(0.569±0.067)km2、2004年(0.557±0.054)km2、2006年(0.344±0.119)km2.分析表明,丹顶鹤对于栖息生境的整体分布和繁殖微生境质量的变化具有一定适应和应答的能力.为了更有效地验证本文的研究结果并对丹顶鹤进行保护,还有待于长期监测并进一步研究.

Internal distribution pattern of the nests and home ranges of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve

In order to explore the spatial distribution pattern of breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis), the distribution pattern of their nests and home ranges were studied in Zhalong Nature Reserve from April to May for four years 2002-04 and 2006. We used fixed-spot observation, no-sample method, GPS locating, the distribution distance index and nearest neighbor analysis. The results indicate that the internal distribution pattern of nests of Red-crowned Cranes shows a clumped distribution: I2002=2.140>2, in 2002; I2003=2.048>2, in 2003; I2004=2.093>2, in 2004; and I2006=3.263>2, in 2006. Under the assumptions that the sizes are equal between home ranges and territories of the cranes, the shape of the home ranges is circular, and the area needed for nesting is the same for all breeding pairs, then the home range area for Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve is (0.510±0.019)km2. There are differences among years, respectively (0.542±0.257)km2 in 2002, (0.569±0.067)km2 in 2003, (0.557±0.054)km2 in 2004, and (0.344±0.119)km2 in 2006. The analyses indicate that the breeding cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve are able to respond and adapt to changes in quality of the spatial pattern of landscape and microhabitat. Long term monitoring and related research are needed in the future for the sake of Red-crowned Crane conservation.