基于景观生态的城市土地开发适宜性评价——以丹东市为例

城市土地开发适宜性评价是城市总体规划中的一项重要基础性工作,其核心是合理分配利用有限的土地资源。在进行耕地适宜性评价和建设用地适宜性评价的基础上,针对丹东市不同的发展目标,提出3个城市土地开发适宜性评价方案,包括经济发展优先方案、生态保护优先方案以及协调发展方案,并按照3个方案对丹东市进行城市土地开发适宜性评价。通过选择适当指标,构建了由景观稳定度和景观干扰度组成的景观生态质量评价体系,并对3个适宜性方案进行对比与优选。结果表明,丹东市按照经济发展优先的城市土地开发适宜性方案进行开发,则景观干扰程度最高,景观稳定程度最低,景观生态质量最低;按照生态保护优先方案进行开发,则景观干扰程度居中,景观稳定程度最高,而景观生态质量居中;按照协调发展方案进行开发,则景观干扰程度最低,景观稳定程度居中,并且具有最高的景观生态质量。通过综合比较,应选择协调发展方案作为丹东市城市建设空间布局的首选方案。

Assessment of urban land suitability for construction in view of landscape ecology: a case study of Dandong City

Evaluation of the suitability for urban land construction is a fundamental work in urban planning, the core of which is to rationally allocate the limited land resource. In this paper, based on the suitability assessment of arable land and developed land, we proposed three programs for the development of Dandong, including the program of priority for economic development, the program of priority for environmental protection, and the program of harmonious development. With the aid of choosing proper indicators, we established the assessment system of landscape ecological quality, composed of landscape stability and landscape disturbance. Through the evaluation of landscape ecological quality under these three programs, we made the optimization among them. The result showed that, under the program of priority for economic development, the city suffered the highest level of landscape disturbance and the lowest landscape stability, which lead to the lowest landscape ecological quality; in addition, under the program of priority for ecological protection, the city acquired the highest landscape stability and moderate landscape disturbance, which caused moderate landscape ecological quality; and under the program of harmonious development, the city got the highest landscape ecological quality with the lowest landscape disturbance and the moderate landscape stability, and therefore, the program of harmonious development should be better selected as the preferred plan for the spatial arrangement of the city.