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干旱胁迫对青藏高原6种植物生理指标的影响
引用本文:潘昕,邱权,李吉跃,王军辉,何茜,苏艳,马建伟,杜坤.干旱胁迫对青藏高原6种植物生理指标的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3558-3567.
作者姓名:潘昕  邱权  李吉跃  王军辉  何茜  苏艳  马建伟  杜坤
作者单位:华南农业大学林学院, 广州 510642;华南农业大学林学院, 广州 510642;华南农业大学林学院, 广州 510642;中国林业科学研究研究院林业研究所 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室, 北京 100091;华南农业大学林学院, 广州 510642;华南农业大学林学院, 广州 510642;甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所, 天水 741022;甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所, 天水 741022
基金项目:林业公益性行业科研专项(200904033);科学技术部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2011GB24320010)
摘    要:以青藏高原6种植物:红花岩黄芪(Hedysarum multijugum Maxim.)、西北沼委陵菜(Comarum salesovianum(Steph.)Asch.et Graebn.)、鲜黄小檗(Berberis diaphana Maxim.)、鲜卑花(Sibiraea laevigata(Linn.)Maxim.)、树锦鸡儿(Caragana arborescens(Amm.)Lam.)、砂生槐(Sophora moorcroftiana(Benth.)Baker)为试材进行干旱胁迫模拟盆栽试验,通过对比6种植物叶片中丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量的变化,对供选植物进行抗旱性能分析与评价,为在青藏高原地区筛选优良耐旱植物提供参考依据。设置土壤含水量占田间持水量80%以上为正常水平,50%—70%为轻度干旱,30%—50%为中度干旱,低于30%为重度干旱。研究表明,6种供试植物叶片MDA含量逐渐升高,当土壤含水量占田间持水量12%左右时达到最大值,树锦鸡儿的增幅较另5种苗木最小,而峰值最大。脯氨酸含量都呈增加趋势,其中砂生槐最高,为9981.67mg/g,峰值与对照值相比,砂生槐增加最多为37.43倍,鲜卑花最小为0.49倍。苗木叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量总体表现出现增大后减小的规律,且所有测定值都高于正常水分条件下的含量。6种苗木的叶绿素含量在干旱胁迫下总体呈现先降低再升高最后再降低的趋势,24 d时均低于对照值,下降最多的为西北沼委陵菜(15.43 mg/g)。由于干旱下苗木的光合产物转化受抑,以淀粉形式的累积量减少,所以6种苗木的可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势,而淀粉含量呈下降趋势,通过积累可溶性糖以提高细胞的渗透调节能力。砂生槐、树锦鸡儿的可溶性糖含量增幅与淀粉含量的减少明显高于其余苗木,使其在较低叶水势下仍保持较高的细胞膨压,以减缓水分胁迫的不利影响。主成分分析表明,6种苗木抗旱性由强到弱依次为:树锦鸡儿、红花岩黄芪、砂生槐、鲜黄小檗、鲜卑花、西北沼委陵菜。

关 键 词:干旱胁迫  青藏高原  生理指标  主成分分析
收稿时间:6/3/2013 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2014/2/25 0:00:00

Physiological indexes of six plant species from the tibetan plateau under drought stress
PAN Xin,QIU Quan,LI Jiyue,WANG Junhui,HE Qian,SU Yan,MA Jianwei and DU Kun.Physiological indexes of six plant species from the tibetan plateau under drought stress[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(13):3558-3567.
Authors:PAN Xin  QIU Quan  LI Jiyue  WANG Junhui  HE Qian  SU Yan  MA Jianwei and DU Kun
Institution:College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Key laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;Xiaolongshan Forestry Science and Technology Research Institute, Tianshui Gansu 741022, China;Xiaolongshan Forestry Science and Technology Research Institute, Tianshui Gansu 741022, China
Abstract:During adaptation to the environment, plants can gradually develop drought resistance via a process of natural selection. Plants are often under water stress in the cold and dry environmental conditions on the Tibetan Plateau, and these conditions can directly affect various physiological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the drought resistance of selected plants from the Tibetan Plateau, and to provide a reference for selecting drought-tolerant plants. We collected six species of plants from the Tibetan Plateau; Hedysarum multijugum Maxim, Comarum salesovianum (Steph.) Asch. et Graebn., Berberis diaphana Maxim., Sibiraea laevigata (Linn.) Maxim., Caragana arborescens (Amm.) Lam. and Sophora moorcroftiana Benth Baker. To protect themselves against drought and low-temperature stress, plants have evolved efficient antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species. We evaluated changes in the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble protein, chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and starch in leaves of these species subjected to increasingly severe drought conditions in a pot experiment. The soil moisture was greater than 80% of field capacity for the normal level, 50%-70% for mild drought, 30%-50% for moderate drought, and less than 30% for severe drought. In all six plant species, the MDA content increased slowly from day 0 to day 12 of the drought treatment, and then increased significantly after day 16 to reach a peak when the soil water content was approximately 12%. Caragana arborescens showed the smallest increase in MDA content under drought, but had the highest MDA content (4.72 mmol/g) among the six plant species. The proline content increased in all six species under drought, and there were significant differences among species in the amount of proline accumulated. The largest increase in proline content was in S. moorcroftiana (peak value, 9981.67 mg/g; 37.43 times that in CK), and the smallest was in S. laevigata (peak value was 0.49 times that in CK). The leaf soluble protein content increased under drought conditions in all six species, but began to decrease when the drought conditions became more severe. The largest decrease in protein content under severe drought conditions was in S. moorcroftiana (a decrease of 39.22%, compared with the peak protein concentration). The chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves of the six species first increased and then decreased as the drought conditions became more severe. In the moderate drought period, the chlorophyll content of seedling leaves began to recover, probably because of a decrease in leaf water content. In all six species, the chlorophyll content on day 24 of the drought was lower than that on day 0. The largest decrease in chlorophyll concentration was in C. salesovianum (15.43 mg/g). The soluble starch contents in all six species decreased under drought because of a reduction in photosynthesis; however, all species showed an increase in soluble sugars content, which improved the osmotic adjustment capability of cells. The largest increases in soluble sugars contents and the largest reductions in starch contents were in S. moorcroftiana and C. arborescens. These species were able to retain higher cell turgor pressure at lower water potential, compared with the other species. After day 16 of the drought treatment, the decreases in starch and soluble sugar contents in the leaves indicated that prolonged water stress caused decomposition of biomass, reduced biosynthesis, and a weaker ability for osmotic adjustment. The drought resistance of plants is the sum of many physiological factors, and represents complex interactions among these factors. Thus, it is a complicated physiological adjustment mechanism. The six species were ranked differently in terms of each of the physiological indexes measured. Therefore, we used principal component analysis to select the most important physiological indexes of drought resistance: chlorophyll, MDA, and starch contents. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that species could be ranked, in terms of most to least drought resistant, as follows: C. arborescens > H. multijugum > S. moorcroftiana > B. diaphana > S. laevigata > C. salesovianum.
Keywords:drought stress  Tibetan Plateau  physiological indexes  principal component analysis
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