农田蜘蛛群落结构及其多样性研究

本文对南宁地区农田自然蜘蛛群落和旱地狼蛛亚群落结构及其多样性进行了研究。 1.农田区蜘蛛群落有14科、41属、80种。主要成分是食虫瘤胸蛛、拟环纹狼蛛、拟水狼蛛、奇异獾蛛和豹蛛属种类,个体数以食虫瘤胸蛛最多。旱地狼蛛亚群落主要成分是奇异獾蛛和豹蛛属种类。 2.稻田区蜘蛛群落多样性指数以田埂杂草群落最高,早稻田群落最低。多样性、均匀度和种类丰富度时间格局是早、晚稻皆随时间序列增加。平均多样性、均匀度和个体数,晚稻均高于早稻。狼蛛更群落多样性和均匀度以草地最高。 3.应用群落比例相似性和聚类分析表明,拟环纹狼蛛与拟水狼蛛和奇异獾蛛与豹蛛属种类是组成当地农田区的水田和旱地生境具有代表性的两个狼蛛亚群落主要成分。 本文试图揭示农田生态系统中的稻田蜘蛛,在不受化学农药干扰下群落结构及其多样性变化,并以狼蛛亚群落为代表,比较农田区内不同生境的群落结构及多样性与生境生态特征的关系,为害虫防治和动物资源的利用提供参考。

STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE SPIDER COMMUNITY AND DIVERSITY IN CULTIVATED LAND

In the paper, the structure of the spider community in cultivated lands and diversity on the condition of nonapplication of insecticides in Nanning area were stndied.1. The total number of spiders collected was 6061 which includes 14 families, 41 genues and 80 species. The main components of the spider community in paddy fields were Ummeliata insecticeps, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Pirata subpiraticus, Theridion octomaculatum, Tetragnatha japonica and Dyschiriognatha culata. The main components of the Wolf spider subcommnnity were Trochosa ruricola and Pardosa spp in arid lands.2. The diversities of the spider community at various habi tats of paddy field are different. It was maximum at the grass of dikes of fields, but minimum at the early rice. The diversity, species richness and evenness of spiders were increased with time sequence from early rice to late rice. The average diversity, average evenness and average individual numbers of spiders in late rice were higher than that in early rice. The diversity and evenness of the Wolf spider subcommunity were maximum in grass land.3. By using similarity of the number proportion for community and analysis of FUZZY method, it was showed that the main components of the Wolf spider subcom-mnuity were Lycosa pseudoannulata and Pirate subpiraticus in paddy field, Trochosa ruricola and Pardosa spp in arid land respectively. These components are quite typical of the Wolf spider subcommunity in the two habitats in cultivated lands in Manning area.