北京城市及近郊区环境结构对鸟类的影响

本文研究了北京市区及近郊环境结构与四季鸟类群落的关系,用相对数量路线调查法估计了鸟类的实际分布。环境结构分为面积和空间异质性两个主要因素,后者又包括自然度和环境多样性两个方面。结果表明,空间异质性对鸟类物种数及多样性有显著的影响,其中自然度的作用较环境多样性的作用更为显著。“边缘效应”是由于环境多样造成的。当空间异质性较高时,面积对鸟类物种数的影响是明显的。由于城市环境的空间异质性较低,由少数优势种决定了鸟类群落特征。为改善城市环境结构,建议增加绿化面积,丰富植被层次及物种组成,同时在北京城市环境中适当增加各种形式的水体。

EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURES ON BIRDS IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREAS OF BEIJING

The relationships between bird communities and urban and surburban environmental structures of all seasons in Beijing are studied by using the Strip Transect method and the IP A method to estimate the relative densities of birds. The environmental structures are described in terms of area and spatial heterogeneity, and the la-tier is consisting of naturalness and environmental diversity. The numbers of bird species and bird species diversity vary with the spatial heterogeneity in which naturalness is more important than environmental diversity in their effacls on bird communities."Edge effect" should be due to the environmental diversity. The effect of area on the numbers of bird species is obvious if the spatial heterogeneity is diverse. There are only a few of dominatants in the various bird communities because of the lower heterogeneity of urban environments. In order to improve the urban environmental structures, it is recommended to increase the areas, layers and species compositions of vegetation, as well as various kinds of waters in the urban area of Beijing metropolis.