自然保护地整合优化的景观格局变化分析——以贵州省思南县为例

自然保护地整合优化是我国重构自然保护地体系、衔接三条控制线划定、完善国土空间规划的重要举措。利用自然保护地整合优化成果、国土三调数据，综合运用GIS空间分析、景观格局指数和保护地边界分析法，对贵州思南县自然保护地整合优化各阶段景观格局的变化特征及其合理性进行了分析。结果表明：（1）整合优化后土地利用/覆盖组成变化显著，耕地、建设用地显著减少，优势景观林地面积增加。（2）整合优化后，思南县自然保护地景观异质性降低、优势度增强、破碎度增加。（3）各斑块类型的复杂性和异质性降低，林地优势度增强，但耕地、园地的破碎度增加，整合优化未造成优势景观的破碎化。（4）整合优化后，自然保护地边界复杂度显著提高，自然保护区、地质公园变化最明显，将给自然保护地勘界定桩增加难度。（5）耕地、建设用地、林地变化是思南县自然保护地景观格局变化的主要因素，耕地、建设用地主要作为矛盾调出自然保护地，而林地则主要作为破碎化斑块伴随矛盾一并调出。本研究自然保护地整合优化方案围绕矛盾和问题开展调整，所反映的景观格局变化，与整合优化调整规则限定的内容相适应，整合优化方案总体可行、合理。由于存在的破碎化、边界复杂化、区域分离等问题，在整合优化过程中应进一步优化调整规则，统一数据精度，尽量避免此类问题的产生。景观格局指数变化所反馈的信息可为自然保护地整合优化的科学开展及其成果的合理性评价提供一定参考，引入成果评估机制对自然保护地整合优化工作具有重要意义。

Landscape pattern changes and analysis for the integration and optimization of natural protected areas: A case study on Sinan County of Guizhou Province

The integration and optimization of natural protected areas (IONPA) is a significant way to reconstruct the system of natural protected areas, connect the delimitation of three control lines, and improve the project of land spatial plans in China. In this paper, while using the result of IONPA and the data of the third national land survey, we analyzed the pattern of variations and rationalities of the landscape in each stage following the practice of IONPA in Sinan County, Guizhou Province, with the methods of GIS spatial distribution, landscape pattern index, and boundary analysis. The results showed that after IONPA, (1) the composition of land use/cover varied significantly, the area of cultivated land and construction land decreased dramatically, and the area of forest land from the dominant landscape increased relatively. (2) The landscape heterogeneity decreased, but both the dominance and the fragmentation increased in the natural protected areas in Sinan County. (3) The complexity and heterogeneity of each patch type decreased, but the dominance of forest land increased, while the fragmentation for the cultivated land and garden land increased. The IONPA did not fragment the dominant landscape. (4) The boundary complexity of the natural protected areas increased significantly, where the nature reserve and geopark varied the most, which would increase the difficulties of delimiting and staking the boundaries. (5) The changes of the cultivated land, construction land and forest land were the main factors attributed to the variations of landscape pattern in Sinan County. The cultivated land and construction land were suggested to move out from the natural protected areas mainly due to conservation conflicts, while the forest land was also suggested to move out mainly as fragmentized patches along with conflicts. In this study, the scheme of IONPA was adjusted focused on resolving the contradictions and problems, therefore, the changes of landscape pattern reflected from the practice in this study were consistent with the specific contents of the adjustment rules of IONPA. In general, the scheme of IONPA in this study was feasible and reasonable. However, there are still some problems like fragmentation, boundary complexity and regional separation, which remind us to avoid the above-mentioned problems, and meanwhile, to further optimize the adjustment rules of IONPA and to unify the accuracies of all data in the future. The information coming from the changes of landscape pattern indexes can provide a certain reference to conduct IONPA scientifically and to assess the result rationally. Additionally, introduction of the achievement evaluation mechanism to IONPA was significantly important.