基于斑块尺度的云南省景观生态安全时空演变及归因

随着人类活动的需求增强和范围扩张,建设开发、农林种植等行为不断侵占和切分原有土地系统,导致区域景观斑块小型化和破碎化,产生了诸多生态问题。云南既是我国西南生态安全屏障,同时也是生态环境比较脆弱敏感的地区,研究云南省景观生态安全及其影响因素,对区域、国家乃至国际生态安全具有重要意义。以云南省为研究对象,提出基于斑块尺度的景观生态安全评价方法评估云南省1990-2018年近三十年的景观生态安全,采用空间自相关方法分析其时空演变规律,并通过地理探测器识别影响景观生态安全的主要驱动因子。结果表明：（1）与传统生态安全评价模型相比,斑块尺度的景观生态安全模型对区域内部景观生态安全的变化更敏感,能够反映区域内部多年景观生态安全状况的细微变化。（2）云南省1990-2018年整体生态安全成本成波动上升趋势,其中"三屏两带"地区的景观生态安全状况提升明显,而滇中城市群外围以及滇东南喀斯特地带的部分区域有所下降。云南省景观生态安全的Global Moran''s I指数平均值为-0.293,区域内部斑块破碎,空间分布上具有离散性。（3）云南省景观生态安全状况目前主要受到人口密度、年平均温度和海拔高度的影响;从交互驱动方面看,云南省景观生态安全空间分布是自然和人文因子共同作用的结果,其中自然因子的交互驱动作用更明显。研究结果可为云南省景观生态安全格局优化提供理论支撑与科学依据。

Spatio-temporal evolution and attribution of Landscape Ecological Security at patch scale in Yunnan Province

With the increasing demand and scope expansion of human activities, construction and development, agriculture and forestry planting and other behaviors continue to encroach on and divide the original land system, resulting in the miniaturization and fragmentation of regional landscape patches, and ecological problems. Yunnan is not only an ecological security barrier in southwestern China but also an area with a fragile ecological environment. Study of landscape ecological security and its influencing factors in Yunnan Province is of great significance to regional, national, and even international ecological security. Taking Yunnan Province as the research object, this paper develops a landscape ecological security evaluation method in patch scale to evaluate the landscape ecological security of Yunnan Province in the past 30 years from 1990 to 2018 and uses the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze its spatio-temporal evolution law. And the main driving factors affecting landscape ecological security are identified by geographic detectors. The results show that:(1) compared with the traditionally ecological security evaluation model, the patch-scale landscape ecological security model is more sensitive to the changes of landscape ecological security and can reflect the subtle changes of landscape ecological security in the region for many years. (2) The overall ecological security cost of Yunnan Province fluctuated and increased from 1990 to 2018, in which the landscape ecological security in the area of "three screens and two belts" improved obviously, while the periphery of the urban agglomeration in central Yunnan and some areas in the karst zone in southeastern Yunnan decreased. The average Global Moran''s I index of landscape ecological security in Yunnan Province is-0.293. The patches in the region are divided and the spatial distribution is discrete. (3) At present, the situation of landscape ecological security in Yunnan Province is mainly affected by population density, annual average temperature, and altitude; from the aspect of the interactive drive, the spatial distribution of landscape ecological security in Yunnan Province is the result of the joint action of natural and human factors, among which the interactive driving effect of natural factors is more obvious. The results can provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the optimization of landscape ecological security patterns in Yunnan Province.