雄安新区多尺度生态安全格局构建框架

维持城市所处的生态系统格局与过程，使得城市生存和发展所依赖的关键生态系统服务实现供需平衡是保障城市生态安全的根本要求和基本前提。因此，城市生态安全不仅是城市本身的问题，还涉及到城市所处的流域、区域、国家等多个不同的空间尺度，具体由支撑城市及其发展的关键生态系统服务所涉及的生态过程所决定。对生态安全概念及研究进展进行了梳理和分析，在此基础上，提出了一个城市生态安全保障的生态系统服务研究框架，将维持城市生态安全的关键生态系统服务需求分为3个层次：一是水资源供给、食物生产、水质净化等城市生存所依赖的基础资源与基本环境维持相关的服务，二是土壤保持、水源涵养、防风固沙、固碳释氧、生物多样性等生态系统稳定和可持续性维持相关的生态系统稳定和调节类服务，三是生态休闲、微气候调节、降尘减噪、文化审美等人居环境与文化类服务。进而利用该框架，从不同需求层次分别对雄安新区生态安全保障的生态系统服务需求进行了分析，结合其自然地理特征和新区建设的社会经济发展情景，从新区城市、大清河流域和京津冀区域三个尺度提出了雄安新区生态安全格局构建框架，以及相应的保障对策和建议，包括从多尺度进行生态环境调控和管理，打破行政和地域边界限制；关注各尺度各关键生态系统服务的过程，加强生态环境要素的监测和预警；重视新区在人居环境改善层次的生态系统服务需求等。

Framework of constructing multi-scale ecological security pattern in Xiongan New Area

Balancing the supply and demand of key ecosystem services for maintaining city''s survival and development is the fundamental requirement and basic principle to guarantee urban ecological security. Hence, urban ecological security is not only an issue within the city, but also relates to other spatial scales such as watershed, regional and national scale. The scales of urban ecological security that should be considered are determined by the ecological processes involved in the key ecosystem services. We firstly interpreted the concept of ecological security pattern and identified its differences with several other relevant concepts, and then analyzed the related research progresses. Based on these analyses, we proposed an ecosystem service based research framework on ecological security pattern, where the key ecosystem service demand of urban ecological security was divided into three levels: surviving demand level that relates to a city''s essential resource need and environmental support (including water supply service, food production service, carbon sequestration service, water purification service, etc.), sustainable development demand level that relates to ecosystem stability and regulation services (including soil retention service, water retention service, wind break and sand fixation service, biodiversity conservation service, etc.), and human habitation improvement demand level (including ecological recreation service, microclimatic regulation service, dust and noise reduction service, cultural aesthetics service, etc.). Using this framework, we analyzed the ecosystem service demand of ecological security in Xiongan New Area from different demand levels. Lastly, based on the geographical and socioeconomic features of Xiongan New Area, a framework of constructing ecological security pattern in Xiongan New Area from 3 spatial scales, i.e. Xiongan city scale, Daqing River watershed scale, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional scale, was developed. Corresponding management strategies and suggestions were also proposed, including implementing multi-scale eco-environmental regulation and management strategies by breaking administrative and regional boundaries and innovating management systems; focusing on the processes of key ecosystem services at all scales, and strengthening the monitoring and forecasting of eco-environment factors; attaching high importance to the ecosystem service demand on habitation improvement level, etc.