烟粉虱生物型研究进展

烟粉虱B em isia tabaci(G ennad ius)是一种取食植物汁液的重要农业害虫,同时也是许多植物病毒最重要的传播介体之一。烟粉虱被认为是由许多具有明显遗传分化的不同种群即生物型组成的复合种,其中B型烟粉虱是一种入侵性最强的生物型,几乎在世界各地均有分布。由于不同生物型的烟粉虱在寄主范围、传毒能力、地理分布、抗药性等许多生物学方面存在差异,因此对烟粉虱生物型的鉴定及其遗传分化研究对于该害虫的可持续控制具有重要的指导意义。烟粉虱生物型的鉴定方法包括生物学鉴定、酶谱鉴定以及分子标记鉴定的方法,其中使用的分子标记包括RAPD、AFLP、rDNA-ITS1、m tDNA CO I以及SSR等标记。目前,不同生物型的烟粉虱尤其B型烟粉虱的分类地位仍然存在争议。介绍了不同生物型烟粉虱的生物学差异、鉴定方法及其遗传分化研究的最新进展,同时探讨了不同生物型烟粉虱的分类地位和研究方向。

Research progress on Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotypes

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Genn.) is an important agricultural pest that feeds in the phloem.It also is the most important vector of several plant virus genera,worldwide.B.tabaci is considered by most to represent a species complex,which comprises a large number of genetically and biologically variable populations,and well-studied biological types.The B biotype is a particularly aggressive B.tabaci variant that has been established in many of the worlds cropping systems including China.It has become established in many locations worldwide,beginning in about 1988.Since then,it has been of considerable concern as a pest and virus vector in the Americas and Caribbean region,and other countries having subtropical climates.In China B.tabaci became an important agricultural pest and virus vector in the late 1990s,and its establishment in China was reported for the first time in 2002.The B biotype is now widespread in a number of provinces in China where vegetables,cotton,and ornamentals are produced.Recent studies have demonstrated that there are several major B.tabaci haplotypes in China including those thought to be indigenous,and at least one exotic biotype(e.g.the B biotype).In China and elsewhere,it has become realized that the B.tabaci populations are polymorphic,cryptic species that can upsurge without warning and cause great damage to crop and ornamental species.It is important to understand the biology differences between biotypes of B.tabaci in order to devise effective control practices.Characteristics that are known to vary amongst distinct biotypes of B.tabaci include host range,virus transmission competency,fecundity,insecticide resistance,all of which can feasibly influence management strategies.Molecular markers have been used to distinguish biotypes and to analyze genetic differentiation.The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(mt COI) gene is a highly informative coding sequence for differentiating variants of the B.tabaci complex.The mtCOI was herein used as a marker to identify and determine the distribution of haplotypes or biotypes in China.