国家公园农户对野生动物肇事保险购买意愿及其影响因素——以大熊猫国家公园为例

国家公园内人与野生动物冲突严重，建立野生动物肇事保险机制是减缓冲突的重要举措。以大熊猫国家公园周边社区为例，分析建立国家公园以及农户风险偏好对野生动物肇事保险购买意愿的影响，并探讨冲突程度和制度信任的中介效应。研究结果表明建立国家公园显著增加了农户野生动物肇事保险购买意愿，而农户风险偏好对保险购买意愿会产生负向显著影响。冲突程度和制度信任是重要的中介变量，冲突程度和制度信任均对农户保险购买意愿产生正向显著影响。建立国家公园显著增加了人与野生动物冲突严重程度，进而对保险购买意愿产生正向影响。此外，建立国家公园显著降低了农户制度信任，进而对保险购买意愿产生负向影响。农户风险偏好对野生动物肇事损失程度产生正向显著影响，进而对保险购买意愿产生正向影响。农户风险偏好对制度信任影响并不显著。基于此，研究提出吸纳社会资本参与，拓宽野生动物肇事保险资金来源，开展社区共管、地役权补偿等措施提升社区信任以及建立基于农户自主防护行为的野生动物肇事保险机制等政策建议。

Farmers' willingness and influencing factors on purchasing wildlife accident insurance in national parks: A case study of Giant Panda National Park, China

Human and wildlife conflict (HWC) is serious in the national park. Wildlife accident insurance is an important measure to alleviate the conflict. Taking the communities around the Giant Panda National Park as an example, this study analyzes the impact of the national park and risk preference on farmers'' willingness to purchase wildlife accident insurance, and discusses the mediating effect of conflict level and institutional trust. The results show that the establishment of national parks significantly increases farmers'' willingness to purchase wildlife accident insurance, and farmers'' risk preference has a negative and significant impact on insurance purchase intention. Conflict level and institutional trust are important mediating variables. Both conflict level and institutional trust have a positive and significant impact on farmers'' insurance purchase intention. The establishment of national parks significantly increases the severity of HWC, and then has a positive impact on insurance purchase intention. In addition, the establishment of national parks significantly reduces the institutional trust, which has a negative impact on the willingness to purchase insurance. The farmers'' risk preference has a positive and significant impact on the severity of HWC, and then has a positive impact on insurance purchase intention. Farmers'' risk preference has no significant impact on institutional trust. Based on the above, this study proposes to absorb social capital and broaden the source of funds for wildlife accident insurance, carry out community co-management, redemption, easement compensation and other measures to enhance community trust, and establish a wildlife accident insurance mechanism based on farmers'' independent protection behavior.