包容性治理：中国国家公园治理新思路

模式的选择在自然保护地有效治理过程中起着关键作用，适宜的治理模式是实现自然保护地生态、社会、经济和文化综合效益最优化的重要途径。包容性治理在建立多元共治、全民共享的国家公园治理体制、促进社会公平和容纳边缘群体等方面具有独特优势，是对保护地治理模式的优化与创新，拥有广阔的应用空间。系统总结了全球保护地治理模式，对不同治理模式进行了比较和评价，重点从理论和实践背景阐述了包容性治理的源起；从边缘性和公平性视角两方面分析了现阶段中国国家公园进行包容性治理的必要性与可行性；并对中国国家公园包容性治理框架进行了阐释，提出了中国国家公园包容性治理建议和思考。以治理主体多元化、主体间的合作、促进社会公平、容纳全体社会成员自由发展，尤其是确保边缘群体的利益为特征的包容性治理，可以成为中国国家公园协调保护和当地发展的新思路、新选择。

Inclusive governance: a new idea for national park governance in China

The choice of governance model plays a key role for the effective management and conservation of protected areas (PAs). An appropriate governance model is a vital element for maximizing the holistic ecological, social, economic, and cultural benefits of PAs. Inclusive governance has unique advantages for establishing a national park system based on shared values with benefits accruing to all of society, promoting social equity with accommodation of the particular needs and interests of the marginalized groups. The optimization and innovation of the PA governance model has potentially broad application and development space. This study systematically summarizes, compares, and evaluates global PA governance models focusing on the theoretical origins and practical early applications of the inclusive governance; paying attention to perspective of marginality and equity and the consequent necessity and feasibility of mainstreaming appropriate inclusive governance in China''s national park system to suitably address these challenges; and finally offering concrete suggestions for how best to position inclusive governance in China''s national parks. Characterized by pluralism of governance subjects, cooperation among subjects, promotion of social equity, and accommodation of the free development of all social members, especially by ensuring the interests of marginalized groups, the inclusive governance can become a new idea and choice for the coordination, protection, and local development of China''s national parks.