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间作对玉米品质、产量及土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响
引用本文:张向前,黄国勤,卞新民,江学海,赵其国.间作对玉米品质、产量及土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7082-7090.
作者姓名:张向前  黄国勤  卞新民  江学海  赵其国
作者单位:南京农业大学农学院, 南京 210095;江西农业大学生态科学研究中心, 南昌 330045;南京农业大学农学院, 南京 210095;南京农业大学农学院, 南京 210095;中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(U1033004)
摘    要:为了进一步深入了解禾本科作物和豆科作物间作的优势机理,研究了在不同施肥条件下玉米单作、玉米‖花生间作和玉米‖大豆间作对玉米籽粒品质、单株经济产量和生物产量﹑产量及土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量及酶活性的影响。结果表明,在不施肥条件下玉米间作可以显著提高玉米籽粒蛋白质、油分和赖氨酸含量,但对淀粉含量影响不显著;在施肥条件下玉米间作可以显著提高淀粉和赖氨酸含量,但对油分和蛋白质含量的增加却影响不显著;间作在提高玉米籽粒淀粉、蛋白质和赖氨酸含量方面的效果没有该施氮水平(50kg/km2)显著。间作可以增加玉米产量及其单株经济产量和生物产量,其中在不施肥和施肥条件下产量分别比单作增加了3.7%、9.7%、19.0%和18.6%,但间作在增加产量方面的效果没有该施氮水平显著。间作在不同施肥条件下可明显增加土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌的数量,且效果达到显著水平。土壤中的酶活性也显著受到间作的影响,在不施肥条件下玉米间作和单作土壤中的转化酶活性差异达到显著水平,在施肥条件下间作和单作土壤中转化酶和磷酸酶活性差异达到显著水平。4种微生物数量和4种酶活性之间呈显著或极显著正相关,玉米籽粒品质、产量及单株生物产量除与转化酶及磷酸酶活性部分相关不显著外,与土壤中的其它酶活性及微生物数量皆显著或极显著正相关。

关 键 词:间作  土壤微生物  籽粒品质  酶活性
收稿时间:2011/10/15 0:00:00
修稿时间:4/6/2012 12:00:00 AM

Effects of intercropping on quality and yield of maize grain, microorganism quantity, and enzyme activities in soils
ZHANG Xiangqian,HUANG Guoqin,BIAN Xinmin,JIANG Xuehai and ZHAO Qiguo.Effects of intercropping on quality and yield of maize grain, microorganism quantity, and enzyme activities in soils[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(22):7082-7090.
Authors:ZHANG Xiangqian  HUANG Guoqin  BIAN Xinmin  JIANG Xuehai and ZHAO Qiguo
Institution:Agricultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095, China;Research Centre on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;Agricultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095, China;Agricultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095, China;Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Abstract:To increase our understanding of the advantages of intercropping gramineae crops with legume crops, we conducted a field trial comparing a maize monoculture system, a maize-peanut intercropping system, and a maize-soybean intercropping system with or without application of fertilizer. For each system, we determined maize grain quality (starch, protein, oil, and lysine content), economic and biological yields per plant, crop yield per km2, abundance of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria) and activities of various enzymes (invertase, dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase) in soils (pH=6.2). The field experiment was carried out on upland red soil at the Experimental Station of Jiangxi Agricultural University (latitude 28° 46'N, longitude 115° 36'E, altitude 22.1 m above sea level) from 9 April 2011 to 25 July 2011. The experimental plan comprised six treatments (i.e., 3 × 2) and each treatment was replicated three times. Each plot area was 33 m2 (6 m × 5.5 m) and the field experiment had a total of 18 plots. Crop management was the same as that used for local agricultural production. The results showed that maize intercropping significantly increased protein, oil, and lysine content of maize grains when no fertilizer was applied. However, there was no significant effect on starch content of maize grains. When fertilizer was applied, maize intercropping significantly increased starch and lysine content of maize grains, but did not significantly affect oil and protein content. The effect of intercropping on increasing the contents of starch, protein, and lysine in maize grains was not greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer applied at a rate of 50 kg/km2. Intercropping also increased the maize yield (square kilometers) and the biological and economic yield per plant. Compared to the yield from the maize monoculture, that from the maize-peanut and maize-soybean mixed cropping systems was increased by 3.7% and 9.7%, respectively, under unfertilized conditions and by 19.0% and 18.6%, respectively, under fertilized conditions. However, the effect of intercropping on increasing the yield of maize was not greater than that of nitrogen fertilization. Intercropping significantly increased the quantities of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria under different fertilization conditions. Soil enzyme activities were also significantly affected by intercropping. The activity of soil invertase differed significantly between the maize intercropping and monoculture systems in unfertilized conditions, and the activities of soil invertase and phosphatase significantly differed between maize intercropping and monoculture systems under fertilized conditions. A correlation analysis showed that the abundance of the four kinds of microorganisms and the activities of four soil enzymes were significantly (P < 0.05) or highly significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with each other. The maize grain quality, yield, and biological yield per plant were significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with the abundance of microorganisms in soils and with enzyme activities, except for invertase and phosphatase activities.
Keywords:Intercropping  soil microorganism  grain quality  enzyme activities
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