耦合生态资本和社会资本的生态资源价值化体系分析

运用实地调研和理论分析的方法对中国生态资源价值化体系的变迁进行分析，并进一步提出耦合生态资本和社会资本的生态资源价值化理论框架。按照价值化的逻辑总结出价值化两条路径：流量价值化和存量价值化，并通过梳理科技文献指出现有研究的不足：流量价值化缺乏"生态视角"和存量价值化缺乏"整体视角"。对比分析了不同时期中国生态资源价值化变迁的特点，发现计划经济时期国家通过生态资源的公有和单要素管理，实现流量、存量的管控和生态资源收益的合理分配；在市场化改革前期，生态资源使用权与所有权的收益逐步分离，激励了社会资本带动生产力发展，但也造成了生态危机和贫富差距拉大等问题；在市场化后期，各地不断实践探索全生态要素治理，通过政府市场社会多方位联动追求共同富裕和生态文明目标的实现。指出生态资源价值体系与社会历史进程的关系，揭示了其背后社会资本与生态资本的耦合关系。最后，提出在市场化改革后期需要坚持"公共性"政党的领导，并在耦合社会资本与生态资本这一思想指导下构建的县镇村三级联动的生态资源价值化框架。研究结论为乡村振兴背景下中国生态资源价值化体系提供理论指导，为中国共产党领导下生态文明思想的人民性提供政治经济学的解释。

Analysis of ecological resource valuation system coupling ecological capital and social capital

The changes in China''s ecological resource valuation system were studied using field investigation and theoretical analysis methods. The theoretical framework for ecological resource valuation coupling ecological capital and social capital was furtherly put forward. First, through the logic of valuation, two major paths of valuation were concluded, that is, valuation of flow and valuation of stock. Meanwhile, the deficiencies of the research were pointed out by analyzing the existing literature on ecological resources valuation, which included the lack of geological perspective in valuation of flow and the lack of holistic perspective in valuation of stock. Second, the valuation of ecological resources in different historical stages was compared. It found that in the planned economy period the government realized the control of flow and stock and the reasonable distribution of ecological resource benefits through the public ownership and single-element management of ecological resources. In the early phase of market-oriented reforms, the use and ownership of ecological resources were gradually separated, which encouraged social capital to drive the development of productivity, but also caused problems such as ecological crisis and the widening gap between rich and poor. In the later stage of market-oriented reforms, various localities continued to practice and explore the governance of all ecological elements, and pursued common prosperity and realization of the goal of ecological civilization through the multi-dimensional linkage of the government, the market and the society. Third, by pointing out the relationship between the ecological resource valuation system and the social historical process, the coupling relationship between social capital and ecological capital was revealed. Finally, it concluded that we should adhere to the leadership of the "public" party, and under the guidance of the thought of coupling social capital and ecological capital. A three-tiered linkage framework was built for ecological resources evaluation in counties, towns and villages, which provided the theoretical guidance for China''s ecological resource valuation system under the background of rural revitalization and provided the political economy explanations for the popularization of ecological civilization thought under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.