青藏高原重大建设工程生态修复综合效益评估指标体系

青藏高原作为我国重要的生态屏障和战略资源基地，兼顾经济社会的发展和生态环境的保护，是当前区域发展的主要目标。为实现该目标，国家先后开展了多项推动当地经济发展的重大建设工程项目，并在项目开展的过程中，针对出现的生态问题，实施了一系列的生态修复措施。目前针对青藏高原重大建设工程生态修复的研究，在多工程类型修复效益的融合，以及宏观空间布局尺度上对生态修复成效的评估还相对较少，并且缺乏统一的评价标准。故本研究选取青藏高原道路、水电和矿产开发三类典型的重大建设工程，结合区域及工程特点，通过文献调研、业界专家咨询等方法手段，以生态修复后的生态系统结构、质量和服务为核心架构，筛选能够综合客观的反映该地区生态修复效益的具体指标，最终构建系统、合理和科学的青藏高原重大建设工程生态修复综合效益评估指标体系。该评估指标体系涉及生态系统结构、质量和服务三大指标类别，包括10个主题指标，21个具体指标。以期为青藏高原重大建设工程生态修复效益的总体认知和长期监测，以及未来生态修复工程的制定、建设工程的布局及其他生态系统管理措施的实施，和未来生态修复评估的相关研究提供科学参考和理论支撑。

Evaluation index system of comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration of major construction projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau serves as a key ecological barrier and strategic resource base in China, and one of the most important goals of regional development on the plateau is to strike a balance between the needs of social and economic growth and ecological protection. This goal has been achieved through a series of major construction projects that have been carried out successively by the Chinese government to promote local economic development, as well as through the implementation of a series of ecological restoration measures that have been put in place to address the environmental issues that have arisen during the course of the project''s development. At the moment, there are just a few studies on the ecological restoration of big construction projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Studies on the integration of the restoration benefits of multiple construction project types, as well as the effectiveness evaluation of ecological restoration at a macro-spatial layout scale, are still relatively rare. Furthermore, there are still no regionally harmonized evaluation standards for evaluating the ecological restoration benefits of big construction projects in the region. For this reason, it is necessary to construct an index system for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the ecological impacts caused by the construction projects and the benefits resulting from the ecological restoration projects in the region from the perspective of the whole Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, this study selected three typical major construction projects of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including road works, hydropower projects, and mineral development projects, to develop a scientifically sound and systematic evaluation index system for the comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration associated with major construction projects in the region. The ecosystem structure, quality, and service provided by the ecosystem following ecological restoration served as the core framework for this indicator system. After taking into account the characteristics of the region as well as the construction and ecological restoration projects, specific indicators that could be used to measure the ecological restoration benefits of the region were identified through literature research, industry consultation, and other methods. Finally, a systematic, logical, and scientific index system for evaluating the comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration associated with significant building projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was constructed. The evaluation indicator system consisted of three indicator categories, ten thematic indicators, and twenty-one particular indicators. This study could provide scientific reference and theoretical guidance for overall cognition and long-term monitoring of the ecological restoration benefits of major construction projects in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It could also be used to formulate future ecological restoration projects, plan the layout of construction projects, put in other ecosystem management measures, and conduct ecological restoration assessment studies in the future.