区域异质性视角下赣江生态系统服务支付意愿及其价值评估

赣江是中国最大淡水湖鄱阳湖水系的第一大河流,为流域内两千多万常住人口提供着重要的生态系统服务。研究赣江生态系统服务价值及其支付意愿可为建立和实施流域生态补偿机制提供决策依据。在随机效用理论框架下采用Tobit模型和实际调查数据,分析了居民对赣江生态系统服务的支付意愿及其影响因素,并运用条件价值评估法测算了赣江生态系统服务价值。可能的亮点在于,第一,将心理距离、心理所有权等微观因素纳入生态系统服务支付意愿模型中,通过测算心理变量对支付意愿影响的偏效应,探讨了提升生态系统服务支付意愿的可行路径;第二,比较分析了河流上、中、下游居民生态系统服务支付意愿的差异,并探讨了支付意愿异质性产生的原因。结果表明:(1)除居民收入和年龄外,对赣江环境治理满意度、支付偏好、对环保部门的信任度、与河流的心理距离、对河流的心理所有权也是影响其支付意愿的主要因素。(2)赣江生态系统服务支付意愿的区域异质性是由上、中、下游居民支付偏好、对环保部门信任度和收入的差异造成的。(3)满意度、信任度、心理距离和心理所有权的平均偏效应分别为7.22、3.84、2.7、1.85元/户。(4)赣江流域WTP预测值的中位数为19.57元/户,其中,南昌、吉安和赣州每户居民每月愿意支付的金额分别为23.24、19.70、16.86元,赣江为流域居民创造的生态系统服务价值为13.60亿元/a,其中,南昌段、吉安段和赣州段的生态系统服务价值分别为4.31亿元/a、3.21亿元/a和4.65亿元/a。最后,基于研究结论提出了相应的政策建议。

Willingness-to-pay for ecosystem services of Ganjiang River and its value assessment: a regional heterogeneity perspective

Ganjiang River, the biggest river in the largest freshwater lake in China, Poyang Lake, provides ecosystem services for approximately 20 million residents in the basin. This study, focusing on the value of ecosystem services and willingness to pay (WTP), can be applied to both establishing and enforcing a compensation mechanism for watershed ecology. The study, using the Tobit model within the framework of random utility theory and actual data from a survey, analyzed the residents'' WTP for ecosystem services and its influencing factors. In addition, it estimated the value of ecosystem services using the contingent value method. The highlights are as follows:Firstly, microscopic factors, including psychic distance and psychological ownership, were incorporated into the residents'' WTP model. The study also analyzed how to increase the value of ecosystem services via calculating the partial effect of psychological factors in WTP. Secondly, considering the differences in ecological, economic, and social conditions among the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the basin, the heterogeneity of different regions was considered in the evaluation of the residents'' WTP. The results showed that:(1) Besides the factors of residents'' income and age, the main influencing factors included the satisfaction of environmental management, payment preference, degree of trust in the local environmental protection department, psychic distance to the river, and ownership of it. (2) Regional heterogeneities of residents'' WTP were caused by payment preference, degree of trust in the local environmental protection department, and residents'' income. (3) The partial effects of satisfaction, trust level, psychic distance, and psychological ownership were 7.22, 3.84, 2.78, and 1.85 Yuan per month per household, respectively. (4) The median WTP in Ganjiang Basin was 19.57 Yuan per month per household, and the WTP for ecosystem services in Nanchang, Ji''an, and Ganzhou were 23.24, 19.70, and 16.86 Yuan per month per household, respectively. In addition, the value of ecosystem services of Ganjiang River was estimated at over 1.36 billion Yuan per year, and those of Nanchang, Ji''an, and Ganzhou were 0.431 billion, 0.321 billion, and 0.465 billion Yuan per year, respectively. Finally, corresponding policy recommendations were proposed based on the findings of this study.