黑龙江凉水和丰林保护区鸟类和兽类多样性

2013年12月至2015年5月、2014年4月至2015年5月利用红外相机分别对黑龙江凉水保护区和丰林保护区鸟兽多样性进行研究:凉水保护区累计10736个捕获日,获得有效照片总数14726张,兽类独立照片514张,共4目7科11种,鸟类独立照片107张,共4目8科11种;丰林保护区累计7460个捕获日,获得有效照片总数13677张,兽类独立照片638张,共3目6科9种,鸟类独立照片166张,共4目10科16种。凉水保护区实际监测到的鸟兽物种数约为全部鸟兽物种的70%—78%;丰林保护区实际监测到的鸟兽物种数目全部鸟兽物种的80%—89%,保护区内大部分物种被监测到。凉水和丰林保护区兽类相对丰富度最高的均为松鼠(Sciurus vulgaris)和花鼠(Eutamias sibiricus),其次为西伯利亚狍(Capreolus capreolu),鸟类相对丰富度最高的普通鳾(Sitta europaea)和白腹鸫(Turdus pallidus);物种多样性指数显示鸟兽多样性无显著差异;鸟、兽群落相似性指数Cs=0.621,凉水和丰林保护区鸟兽物种有较多重叠。利用红外相机对凉水和丰林保护区鸟兽多样性进行研究发现,兽类中对夜行性小型啮齿类监测不足,监测到的鸟类以林下活动为主。

Avian and mammalian biodiversity of Heilongjiang Liangshui and Fenglin Reserve

Avian and mammalian biodiversity was monitored by camera traps in Heilongjiang Liangshui Reserve from December 2013 to May 2015 and at Fenglin Reserve from April 2014 to May 2015. In Liangshui Reserve, we collected 10,736 capture dates and 14726 effective photographs, including 514 independent mammal photos and 107 independent avian photos. The mammalian fauna identified belonged to four orders, seven families and 11 species, and the avian fauna belonged to four orders, eight families, and 11 species. In Fenglin Reserve, we collected 7460 capture dates and 13677 effective photos, including 638 independent mammal photos and 166 independent avian photos. The mammalian fauna identified belonged to three orders, six families, and nine species and the avian fauna belonged to four orders, 10 families, and 16 species. The number of avian and mammalian fauna monitored accounted for 70%-78% of the total number of species in Liangshui Reserve, whereas that in Fenglin Reserve accounted for 80%-89%. A larger number of avian and mammalian fauna were monitored in Liangshui Reserve and Fenglin Reserve, respectively. Sciurus vulgaris and Eutamias sibiricus possessed the highest Relative abundance index(RAI)among the mammals, followed by Capreolus capreolu; among the avians, Sitta europaea, and Turdus pallidus possessed the highest RAI. The biodiversity index revealed no significant difference in diversity between avian and mammalian fauna. In addition, the mammal community similarity index (Cs) was 0.621, suggesting that avian and mammalian fauna of Liangshui Reserve were largely similar to those in Fenglin Reserve. The present survey suggests that we lack data on nocturnal small rodents among mammals, and most of the avian fauna monitored mainly live ower the forest.