我国地表臭氧生态环境效应研究进展

针对当前我国大部分地区夏季出现的高浓度地表臭氧污染,综述了目前在地表臭氧的生态环境效应方面取得的研究进展及未来的研究展望。主要进展包括地表臭氧的污染水平,及其对植物的影响机制,具体包括地表臭氧对植物叶片的表观伤害、光合固碳能力、植物源挥发性有机化合物(BVOCs)释放、土壤微生物和土壤温室气体排放等方面的影响;在此基础上,提出了减少臭氧生态环境效应的管理措施。此外,对我国未来的研究进行了展望,建议加强在农田和森林布设臭氧浓度监测点、开展多因子同时存在的交互作用、气孔臭氧吸收量-响应(生物量或产量)关系以及臭氧对地下生态过程累积效应的长期定位等方面的研究,以期为我国地表臭氧污染的生态环境效应研究起到一定的推动作用。

Progress in ecological and environmental effects of ground-level O3 in China

Ground-level ozone (O₃) is considered as one of the most phytotoxic air pollutant due to its significant damage to the plants and ecosystem across the world. Ozone concentration is rising at a rate of approximately 0.5%-2% per year over the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere due to the fast industrialization and urbanization in the last three decades. High levels of O₃ occurred during summertime in most parts of China, and are expected to increase further as NO_x precursors are rising. This review discussed current research progress on eco-environmental impacts of O₃ and future research in China. Current progresses mainly include ozone pollution levels, plant response mechanism, effects of O₃ on foliar visible injury, the ability of photosynthesis and carbon sequestration, biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions, soil microbial dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions; in addition, the management measures to reduce the eco-environmental effect of O₃ were also discussed. In future, more and more monitoring stations should be installed at crop and forest growth regions, and the research should strengthen the multi-factor interactive effects, flux-based O₃ dose-response relationships, and the mechanism on belowground processes induced by O₃. Recommendations were given to guide the study on eco-environmental impacts induced by rising O₃ in future.