基于社会-生态系统的沙漠化逆转过程脆弱性评价指标体系

土地沙漠化是当今世界最为严峻的生态环境问题之一。沙漠化逆转作为其反向转化过程,存在一定的脆弱性和不稳定性,即沙漠化逆转趋势减弱或反向发展的倾向。社会-生态系统理念是当今世界生态系统分析的新思路,从该视角界定沙漠化逆转过程的脆弱性概念,选取Driving-Pressure-Status-Impact-Response(DPSIR)分析框架,以农牧交错带典型沙漠化逆转区宁夏盐池县为案例,针对沙漠化逆转的因果联系和过程特点,构建一套涵盖气候湿润指数、生态治理指数、沙地所占比例在内的4层、5要素、41指标的评价体系,进而探讨驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应5项要素间的逻辑因果关系及其脆弱性定量化计算方法,以期科学评估沙漠化逆转过程的脆弱性,为该类型区沙漠化问题的进一步治理和调控提供科学依据。

An evaluation index system of vulnerability of the desertification reversion process based on the socio-ecological systems theory

Sandy desertification is one of the most severe ecological and environmental problems worldwide. Desertification reversion, as the reverse process of desertification expansion, has some instability and vulnerability due to disturbances by numerous socio-ecological factors. We call this phenomenon vulnerability of the desertification reversion process, and define it as the possibility and tendency of a reversion trend decline or reversal. Socio-ecological systems theory is a new form of ecological systems research. Based on this theory, we selected the driving-pressure-status-impact-response (DPSIR) framework and a typical reversed desertification area in Yanchi County as the study area. In this area, human activities have obviously interfered with natural processes and the expansion and reversal of desertification contrast sharply. We constructed an evaluation index system to assess the vulnerability of the desertification reversion process. This system includes four levels, five groups, and forty-one concrete indexes, including a moisture index, an ecological governance index, and sandy proportion. Finally, we explore the logical causality between drivers, pressure, status, impact, response, meanwhile discuss the quantitative calculation method of vulnerability. The objective of this study was to scientifically assess the vulnerability of the desertification reversion process, and to provide support and a scientific basis to make decisions, manage, and regulate the desertification problem in the pastoral transitional zone.