基于景观生态学“源-汇”理论的市域尺度生态功能分区——以内蒙古通辽市为例

市域尺度的生态功能分区对于市域生态资源的有效保护和合理利用起着不可替代的指导作用。现阶段较为被动而静态的功能分区研究忽视了市域生态资源在城镇化发展中的剧烈变化。而景观生态学的"源-汇"概念和相关手段,将区域生态功能空间格局与不断变化的生态过程之间建立了联系,在生态功能分区科学理性的研究实践中运用前景广阔。运用景观生态学"源-汇"理论,以内蒙古通辽市为例,通过对于研究区域中"源"景观的划分,设定不同景观要素的阻力值,构建基于"源"动态特征的最小累计阻力模型,计算得出阻力面。并进一步通过寻找阻力面突变点来确定分区阈值,最终确定通辽市域尺度生态功能的5大分区,最后提出有针对性的分区管控措施与指引。研究将市域生态要素在城市化下的动态演变与生态安全格局进行有机关联并制定科学的分区策略,为市域生态空间的优化及管理提供了理论依据。

Study on ecological function zoning in the Municipal Administrative Area based on the landscape ecology source-sink theory: a case study of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia

The Green Space of the Municipal Administrative Area ecological function zone is irreplaceable for the effective protection and rational utilization of urban ecological resources. The ecological function zoning of resources is passive presently and static, and the dramatic changes in the development and urbanization have largely been ignored. The source-sink landscape theory of landscape ecology and its related methods, which establish relationships between the regional ecological function space pattern and changing ecological process, are widely used in the study and practice of the scientific basis of ecological function zoning. We used Tongliao, in Inner Mongolia as a case study based on the source-sink landscape theory through the study of the division of "source" landscapes in the area; different resistance values of the landscape elements were set, a minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was built based on the dynamic characteristic of the source model, and surface resistance was calculated. Based on surface resistance, a mutation point was established to determine the threshold values for landscape division, and thereby ultimately determine the most effective Tongliao Green Space municipal administrative area based on the ecological function of five partitions, and targeted partition controls and guidance were put forward. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of regional ecological green space layouts and management of the ecosystem and formulates a scientific partition strategy that takes into account urbanization and dynamic evolution; we believe that implementing these recommendations will benefit green space landscape elements.