国家级经济技术开发区绿色发展指数研究

国家级经济技术开发区是改革开放以来中国经济发展的缩影,已成为中国推动开放型经济发展,促进工业化、城镇化进程,实现区域发展战略的重要支撑。处理好经济发展与节约资源、保护环境的关系,实现绿色、低碳、循环发展,提高发展的质量和效益,是国家级经开区在新形势下面临的新挑战。为推进国家级经开区的创新驱动和绿色发展,加强对国家级经开区绿色低碳循环发展的引导,通过建立绿色发展指数方法,对国家级经开区的绿色发展水平进行评价,以期为管理决策提供参考。绿色发展水平定量评价研究运用多准则排序方法构建了绿色发展指数。首先从经济发展、资源能源消耗、生态环境和基础设施4个方面构建了国家级经开区绿色发展评价指标体系,其次对各项指标进行归一化处理,加权后得到绿色发展指数。以2007年52家国家级经开区各项指标(基于不变价格的平均值)为参照,分析了2007—2012年52家国家级经开区绿色发展指数的动态变化,采用动态气泡图直观地表征年际间经开区绩效的横向和纵向变化。比较了东中西部国家级经开区绿色发展水平的差异,及建设国家生态工业示范园区对其绿色发展指数的影响,进而对国家级经开区的绿色发展进行了展望。

Green development index of the Chinese national economic-technology development area

The National Economic-Technology Development Area (NETDA) is a key part of China''s economic development after the Reform and Opening Policy in 1978. After more than 30 years of development, NETDA has played a crucial role in facilitating growth of the economy, industrialization, urbanization, and local development in China. NETDA is generally secondary industry focused and is associated with intensive resource and energy consumption and significant pollution emissions, thus requiring more stringent environmental standards. It is a daunting challenge for NETDAs to balance economic development with resource conservation and environmental protection and support the economy by implementing green development. This study established a green development index (GDI) to assess the degree of environmental friendliness of the Chinese NETDA developments, aiming to establish a baseline to facilitate performance improvement. The GDI was created using a multi-criteria ranking method. First, an index system was established, which included four categories:economic development, water and energy consumption, ecological environmental protection, and infrastructure. Second, the original value of each individual metric was normalized in relation to a benchmark, by transferring both industrial added value and GDP to comparable prices of 2007. The metrics were then weighted and aggregated to calculate the GDI. We then used this method to calculate the GDI evolution of 52 NETDAs. A dynamic bulb-diagram flash was designed to present the GDI evolution of each NETDA from 2007 to 2012 and comparisons among different NETDAs. Differences in GDIs for the NETDAs located in East, Central, and West China were analyzed, as well as the effect of a national demonstration program on eco-industrial park development on GDIs. We found that the GDI improved markedly from 2007 to 2012. The NETDAs accredited as national demonstration eco-industrial parks (EIPs) generally outscored NETDAs that were listed as EIP candidates. Non-EIP NETDAs scored the lowest. Finally, the policy implications of GDI for the NETDAs were discussed.