基于生态系统服务和农户福祉的生态补偿效果评估研究进展

生态补偿是以经济手段为主调节相关者利益关系的制度安排,最终实现区域生态系统服务和居民福祉"双赢"。尽管我国在生态补偿效果评估方面已开展了大量的研究,但更多关注的是生态系统服务功能的提升,忽略了生态补偿对社区居民福祉的影响及其反馈关系,影响了生态补偿政策的成效和可持续性。围绕生态补偿效果评估中涉及到的主要内容和关键的科学问题,对相关研究进行了归纳总结,认为:生态补偿、农户福祉、生态系统服务三者之间的耦合关系是生态补偿效果评估研究的重要科学问题;生态系统服务、农户生计、成本效益是评估生态补偿效果的3个核心指标;综合自然、人文两个因素统一的生态补偿评估与调控模型与方法体系,是亟待研究探索的重要方向。

Assessing ecological compensation policies based on ecosystem services and human wellbeing: A review of recent progress

Ecological compensation policies use economic incentives to influence stakeholders'' choices. These policies aim to achieve a win-win solution that can improve regional ecosystem services and residents'' wellbeing. Many studies have assessed the effectiveness of ecological compensation policies, but most of them focused on the improvement of ecosystem services. In contrast, relatively fewer studies have examined the influences of ecological compensation policies on residents'' well-being and how they feed back to residents'' decisions. In this study, we reviewed studies that assessed ecological compensation policies based on scientific questions and major indicators. We found that the critical research question lies in the coupling relationships among ecological compensation, farmers'' wellbeing, and ecosystem services. Based on the review, we developed a comprehensive theoretical framework that includes three main indexes for evaluating ecological compensation policies:ecosystem services, farmers'' livelihoods, and cost-effectiveness. Accordingly, we argue that appropriate methodology and modeling that consider both natural and human systems are crucial for future studies assessing ecological compensation policies.