中国湿地生态站现状、发展趋势及空间布局

湿地调查与监测是全面了解和掌握湿地变化，开展湿地保护和修复的前提和基础。湿地生态站是开展湿地长期监测和野外试验的平台，对研究湿地生态系统过程与功能，揭示湿地变化机理具有重要作用。系统梳理了我国现有的湿地生态站，分析了当前湿地生态站建设中面临的问题，指出：与国际主要生态观测网络相比，我国综合性湿地生态站数量较少、比例偏低，导致在湿地生态系统监测和评估上存在较大空缺；现有生态站存在层级结构不合理、监测指标体系不规范等问题，制约了国家尺度湿地生态系统监测评估的需求。研究基于中国湿地生态站的现状，提出综合性湿地生态站布局原则，认为：应反映湿地生态系统类型代表性及湿地的空间分布特征，体现综合站-区域站-卫星站的层级结构特点，服务国家湿地保护和生态修复的战略需求。按照上述布局原则，对今后综合性湿地生态站的空间布局提出建议。同时，对湿地站发展定位、聚焦的前沿科学问题、湿地联网研究及国际合作方面提出了展望。

Current status, development and spatial planning of China's Wetland Ecological Stations

Wetland survey and monitoring is the prerequisite and foundation for comprehensively understanding and clarifying wetland ecosystem dynamics, and carrying out wetland conservation and restoration. Wetland Ecological Stations provide the platform for long-term wetland observation and in-situ experiments, which are indispensable in studying and revealing the processes, functions, as well as related mechanism of wetland change. There are some problems in the development of wetland ecological stations in China. Compared with the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network, the number and proportion of Wetland Ecological Stations in National Ecological stations are less and there are also some gaps on spatial planning of wetland ecological stations; in addition, wetland ecological stations are not laid out with obvious hierarchical structure (such as Master stations, Regular stations and Satellite stations), and the monitoring indicators and systems for wetland ecological stations are also not standard and uniform, which lead to limitations on monitoring and assessment of wetland ecosystem at national scale. In this study, we summarized and analyzed the status and problems in the development of Wetland Ecological Stations in China, and proposed the planning principles of the National Wetland Ecological Stations in existing National Ecological Stations System. We suggested that it should consider representativeness of wetland ecosystem types and the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands in China, as well as to take account of the hierarchical structure of wetland stations and their combination to national development strategy and policy demand on wetland conservation and restoration. We proposed some targeted suggestions on spatial planning of China''s Wetland Ecological Stations in the future based on the above principles. At the same time, the development orientation of wetland station was determined and the frontier and key scientific issues needing to be focused in the future were discussed, such as the changes of wetland landscape, lake eutrophication and invasive species control, climate change and carbon sequestration mechanism, etc. Finally, how to response to the national development strategy and policy demand was also analyzed. It is proposed to strengthen cooperation with international partners in the fields of biodiversity conservation and monitoring, climate change, transboundary wetlands and the conservation of migratory species.