河流景观生态服务供给与需求/消费的互馈机制

河流景观系统孕育了人类文明，为人类社会提供类型多样的生态系统服务。其本身是一个自然景观过程和社会经济过程高度耦合的社会-生态系统，具有极高的空间异质性、时间动态和鲜明的组织尺度等级结构。当前，对河流景观系统这种特点所决定的生态系统服务供给与需求/消费互馈的机制研究不够深入，普遍缺乏从过程角度刻画生态服务供给与需求/消费互馈关系及其时空异质性和尺度特征。生态服务供给、需求和消费产生于社会-生态系统，是社会-生态耦合的纽带。阐述了河流景观生态服务供给和需求/消费的时空异质性，阐释了它们时空耦合机制和尺度特征，梳理了当前对生态服务供给、需求/消费互馈机理研究的不足。认为未来需要在社会-生态系统的框架下，从景观结构和生态过程出发，融合景观生态过程和社会过程来深入认识河流景观系统的生态服务供给与区内人类对生态服务的需求/消费之间的互馈机制。未来应重点关注：（1）河流景观结构和过程决定的生态服务供给和消费的空间分异及驱动机制；（2）河流生态服务传输的自然和人文载体及其耦合格局；（3）将生态服务需求/消费通过景观结构和生态过程对生态服务供给的反馈融入生态服务评估的方法框架，研发基于生态服务供给和需求/消费的社会-生态互馈过程模型。

Regime of the feedbacks between ecosystem service supply and demand/consumption in river landscape

River system nested the human civilization by providing various ecosystem services. It is a social-ecological system featured with coupling between physical processes and social-economic activities and their great spatial heterogeneity, the high temporal fluctuation of landscape structure and processes, and the significant hierarchy of operational scales. Presently, the knowledge of the feedbacks between ecosystem services supply capacity and the demands or consumption determined by the above intrinsic nature of river landscape is scare. There is also lack of process-based delineation of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and scale behavior of feedbacks in practices. The ecosystem services supply, demand and consumption rooted in the social-ecological system, and are critical linkage in social-ecological coupling. This study revealed the spatial and temporal heterogeneity, coupling regime and scale-dependent features of ecosystem services supply and demand/consumption. By literature review, the research weakness on the feedbacks between ecosystem service supply and demand/consumption was revealed. It is argued that in future researches, the ecological processes and the social processes should be integrated to develop a social-ecological framework to reveal the feedbacks between ecosystem service supply and the demand/consumption. There are three recommendations for future researches:(1) the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the ecosystem services supply and demand/consumption that determined by landscape configuration and social-ecological processes in river landscape; (2) physical and anthropogenic carriers delivering the ecosystem services and their coupling pattern; (3) ecosystem services assessment frameworks incorporating the feedback of ecosystem service demands/consumption to ecosystem service supply through landscape structure and ecological processes, and modelling tools incorporating on feedbacks between ecosystem supply and demand/consumption.