粤港澳大湾区生态系统健康时空变化及其对城镇化的响应

区域生态系统健康评价是获取区域生态系统状况的重要手段,对生态保护和恢复具有现实的指导意义。研究从人类与生态系统耦合角度出发,基于生态系统完整性以及人类对生态系统服务的需求,在“活力-组织力-弹性”框架基础上引入生态系统服务供需指标构建评价框架。以粤港澳大湾区为例,分析2005—2018年生态系统健康时空变化特征及其对城镇化的响应。研究结果表明：(1)2005—2018年间,大湾区生态系统健康呈现中部低四周高的空间格局,以好,较好和一般水平为主;从时间变化上来看,大湾区四周山区生态系统健康状况有所改善,而中部地区健康状况则逐渐恶化。(2)大湾区生态系统活力在改善区域生态系统健康中发挥了重要的作用;此外,生态系统服务供需对传统生态系统健康评价结果进行适当修正,生态系统服务供需赤字加剧了中部地区生态系统健康状况的恶化。(3)大湾区生态系统健康与人口城镇化、土地城镇化间均存在显著的空间负相关性,其中,土地城镇化对生态系统健康的负面影响越来越显著,特别是大湾区中部地区。研究以期为生态系统健康评价提供新思路,同时为大湾区生态系统保护与管理提供参考。

Spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem health and its response to urbanization in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Regional ecosystem health assessment is an important method for obtaining information on ecosystem condition, which has practical guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management. This study established an ecosystem health assessment framework by integrating ecosystem integrity and human demand for ecosystem services from the perspective of coupled human and ecosystems, which integrated ecosystem services supply-demand into the framework of "Vigor-Organization-Resilience". Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case study, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem health, and explored the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem health from 2005 to 2018. The results indicated that:(1) The level of ecosystem health was low in the central region of the study area and high in the surrounding areas from 2005 to 2018. The well, relatively well and ordinary health levels dominated throughout the study area in 2005 and 2018. From the perspective of temporal changes, the ecosystem health in the surrounding mountains of the study area was improved, while the ecosystem health in the central region was gradually deteriorated. (2) The ecosystem vigor in the study area played an important role in improving the regional ecosystem health. In addition, the ecosystem services supply-demand could appropriately modify the results of the traditional ecosystem health assessment, and the deficit of ecosystem services supply-demand in the central region aggravated the deterioration of ecosystem health. (3) Ecosystem health had significantly negative spatial correlations with land urbanization and population urbanization in the study area, and the negative impact of land urbanization on ecosystem health was increasingly significant, especially in the central region. This study can provide a new idea of ecosystem health assessment, and provide scientific references for ecological protection and management in the study area at the same time.