基于目标物种栖息地适宜性和景观特征的保护地功能区划研究——以甘肃多儿国家级自然保护区为例

生境的破碎化是导致物种濒危的主要原因之一,功能区划是对保护地进行空间布局和提升保护成效的重要手段。通过对生境进行适宜性评价,进而指导合理区划,是提升保护地功能的重要措施。基于目前保护地功能区划中存在与目标物种适宜栖息地空间格局不一致、与周边联系紧密性不足、边缘效应明显等问题,以甘肃多儿国家级大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)自然保护区为例,根据现有保护地区划景观特征,通过扩大研究尺度和开展栖息地适宜性评价,结合适宜栖息地异质性和功能区的景观特征,基于提升适宜栖息地完整性和连接度调整保护区功能区划,并通过比较区划前、后景观特征和栖息地适宜性的变化以及大熊猫的空间利用来评估本研究方法的有效性。研究表明：基于本方法的新区划核心区适宜栖息地增加了16.03%,被保护的优质栖息地增加,核心区内缘比由调整前的5.35和6.32下降至3.97,被保护的优质栖息地增加,边缘效应明显减小,提高了保护区适宜栖息地的完整性,加强了和周边优质栖息地的联系,有助于提升核心区的环境容纳量,增强抵御外来干扰的能力,改善大熊猫的生存状况,促进所在区域的种群交流。

Functional zoning of the protected areas based on habitat suitability and landscape characteristics of target species: A case study from Gansu Duoer National Nature Reserve

Habitat fragmentation is one of the main causes of species endangerment. Functional zoning is an important means of spatial distribution planning and conservation effectiveness improvement. Habitat suitability evaluation is an essential measure to improve the function of the protected areas and guide rational zoning. Focusing on the existing problems in the protected area function zoning, namely, inconsistency with the spatial pattern of suitable habitat, lacking close connection with surrounding areas, and enhancement edge effects, this study took Duoer National Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca) Nature Reserve in Gansu Province as an example. According to the landscape characteristics of the existing protected area zoning, the functional zoning of the protected area should be adjusted based on improving the integrity and connectivity of the suitable habitats by expanding the study scale and carrying out habitat suitability evaluation, combining the heterogeneity of the suitable habitat and the landscape characteristics of the functional area. The effectiveness of the method used in the study was evaluated by comparing the changes of landscape characteristics and habitat suitability before and after regionalization and the space utilization of giant panda. Results shows that the suitability evaluation based on this method was effective. The suitable habitat in the core area of the new zoning increased by 16.03%, the protected quality habitats increased. The inner margin ratio of the core area decreased from 5.35 and 6.32 before adjustment to 3.97, the protected high-quality habitat increased, and the edge effect significantly decreased, which improved the integrity of the suitable habitat of the reserve and strengthened the connection with the surrounding high-quality habitat. It can help improve the environmental capacity of the core area, enhance the ability to resist external disturbance, improve the living conditions of giant pandas and promote the regional population exchange.