1995-2015年缅甸土地利用/覆被变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

缅甸土地利用变化对其生态系统服务的影响与中缅绿色"一带一路"、中缅经济走廊建设等重大战略的长期合作息息相关。利用缅甸1995年和2015年的土地利用数据，结合Costanza生态系统服务价值系数表，分析缅甸土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：（1）1995-2015年，缅甸土地利用类型以林地（71%）和耕地（26%）为主，林地和草地面积减少，而其他地类增加；林地和耕地之间的转化显著。（2）缅甸生态系统服务价值约4600-4700亿美元，林地贡献最大；调节（48%）和支持（29%）服务价值比重较大；（3）生态系统服务总价值增加了66.26亿美元，调节、供给和支持服务价值增加，而文化服务价值减少；生态系统服务二级类型中：废物处理、食物供给、生境/避难所等增加，气候调节、遗传资源、水土保持功能等减少；（4）缅甸土地利用变化对生态系统服务总价值和生态系统服务一级类型总价值影响较小，但生态系统服务二级类型价值的"此消彼长"会影响缅甸生态安全和生物多样性，在未来中缅"一带一路"建设中需要重点关注。

Impact of land-use/land-cover change on ecosystem service values in Myanmar from 1995 to 2015

The impact of land use/land cover change (LUCC) in Myanmar on its ecosystem services values (ESV) is extremely relevant to the sustainable development of the "Belt and Road" and the construction of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor. Based on the GlobCover in 1995-2015 and Costanza''s ESV coefficient table, this study analyzed the impact of LUCC on ESV in Myanmar. The results showed that:(1) in 1995-2015, the main LUCC types were forest land (71%) and cropland (26%). The areas of forest land and grassland decreased while the areas of other land types increased, with an obvious conversion observed between forest land and cropland. And the hotspot change of forest land, cropland and built land is remarkable. The hotspot area of land use change in Myanmar is mainly distributed in the plain area of the central and southern regions with high population concentration and urbanization degree, as well as the mountainous hilly area in the north, cropland expansion and urban construction are the main reasons for land use change in Myanmar in 1995-2015. (2) The total ESV in Myanmar approximately ranged from 4600×10⁸ to 4700×10⁸ $ with the largest contribution from the forest land, then the contribution of wetland and cropland is close, the proportion is approximately 21%. Meanwhile, for the values of first-category ESV, regulating, supporting, provisioning and cultural services comprised a proportion of 48%, 29%, 13% and 10%, respectively. (3) The total ESV has increased by 66.26×10⁸ $ (1.43%). Specifically, the values of regulating, provisioning, and supporting services increased, while that of culture decreased. As for the values of second-category ESV, waste treatment (54.87×10⁸ $), food production (13.49×10⁸ $) and habitat/refugia (5.12×10⁸ $) increased, conversely, climate regulation (-12.31×10⁸ $), genetic resources (-5.03×10⁸ $) and erosion control (-0.62×10⁸ $) decreased. (4) The impacts of LUCC on the total ESV and the total of first-category ESV were relatively slight in Myanmar, but the trade-off of second-category ESV might affect ecological security and biodiversity. Thus, we should pay attention to the trade-off of the services in the construction of the "Belt and Road". With the construction of China-Myanmar Economic Corridor and China-Myanmar Railway, it is expected that LUCC in the future will have a greater impact on ESV than in the past, so it is important to balance and ensure that the regulating and supporting services critical to the maintenance of ecological security and biodiversity conservation in Myanmar.