陕北黄土高原文冠果群落结构及物种多样性

文冠果是我国北方地区生物质油料能源首选树种,陕北黄土高原次生林区是其主要分布地域之一。通过黄土高原森林区和森林草原区32块文冠果群落标准地调查,对该区域文冠果林群落结构、种类组成和物种多样性等进行了研究。结果表明,文冠果在森林区既可以形成小乔木林,也可以形成灌木林,而在森林草原区只有灌木林。标准地内共有维管束植物77种,隶属27科65属。乔木林乔木层以油松、文冠果为主,灌木层以狼牙刺、黄蔷薇、葱皮忍冬等占优势,草本层野菊、铁杆蒿、长芒草、披针苔草等占优势;灌木林灌木层以文冠果、狼牙刺、荆条等为主,草本层阿尔泰狗哇花、白草、披针苔草、铁杆蒿等占优势。群落丰富度指数(S)乔木林21.2±4.8,森林区灌木林21.7±5.7,森林草原区灌木林12±1.7,多样性指数D值与H'值乔木林为0.933±0.022和2.519±0.023,森林区灌木林为0.917±0.040和2.755±0.368,森林草原区灌木林是0.861±0.023和2.190±0.126;均匀度指数J值与E值乔木林是0.837±0.200和0.840±0.257,森林区灌木林是0.923±0.047和0.806±0.064,森林草原区灌木林是0.885±0.036和0.790±0.083;统计分析显示,S,D和H'值森林区乔木林与灌木林差异不显著,但都极显著(P0.01)高于森林草原区灌木林,J和E值无显著差异,其中丰富度指数变异系数森林区灌木林乔木林森林草原区灌木林,而多样性指数和均匀度指数变异系数乔木林森林草原区灌木林森林区灌木林。群落不同层次D值和H'值乔木林乔木层、灌木层差异不显著,但显著低于草本层,其变异系数灌木层乔木层草本层;灌木林草本层显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于灌木层,其变异系数灌木层草本层,J值和E值在群落(乔)灌草层之间无显著差异。根据天然文冠果林的群落结构特征,人工文冠果油料林营造和经营管理过程中应注意树种的混交搭配和地被植物多样性的培育,以提高林地的生态功能。

Structure and species diversity of Xanthoceras sorbifolia community in the Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi

Xanthoceras sorbifolia,the most important seed oil tree for bioenergy in North China,mainly distributes in North Shaanxi Loess Plateau and other regions with similar environment.The research on the community structure of X.sorbifolia natural forest and its variations with locations could promote scientifically the construction and management of X.sorbifolia plantation in the future.The structure,species component and plant diversity of X.sorbifolia communities were studied based on 32 plots in forest and fo...