小尺度森林生态功能分区研究——以台湾惠荪林场为例

基于景观生态学中结构与功能相互依存的理念 ,选定小尺度森林为研究对象 ,根据生态系统内部结构特性 ,确立森林生态功能的空间定位 ,以提高森林生态系统的功能与价值。研究首先基于森林生态系统具有生物生产、环境服务及文化支持等基本功能 ,提出上述功能应通过森林生产、教学实习、科学研究、休闲游憩和生态保护等功能区加以体现。后依据研究区环境特征进行影响因子分析 ,结合景观生态与生态规划相关理论 ,构建森林生态功能分区方案。在案例实践中 ,选择台湾惠荪林场进行研究 ,配合研究区现况 ,期望通过功能区与结构的空间调整 ,达到服务功能的优化。

Zoning to forestry ecosystem functions: A case of Hui-Sun Forest Station in Taiwan

Principles of landscape ecology offer a theoretical framework for ecological regulation through the optimization of landscape pattern. Since the 1960 s, many different landscape eco-planning approaches have been developed, including McHargian approach to landscape planning based on an analysis of the ecological suitability, ecosystem development strategy based on systematic theory, and landscape pattern planning based on optimization of landscape spatial structure. To optimize the spatial distribution of ecosystem function, this paper choose forest landscape as research object. Based on theory of structure and functions of landscape ecology, combined with analysis to inner structure characters in ecosystem,this paper is supposed to set up a certain procedure to regulate the spatial structure of forest landscape and further construct a landscape pattern of forest ecosystem function. Considering the functions of biologic production, environmental services and cultural support in forest ecosystem, forest ecosystem function sections should be composed of forest production area, experimental area, research area, recreational area and conservation area in order to add value of the forest ecosystem and strengthen its function. And then get the relevant environmental factors according to the environment features in research area. On the basis of the methods of landscape ecology and ecological planning, this paper develops a zoning project of ecosystem function suitable for various environments. In the paper, Huisun forest station in Taiwan was selected to be the case area to study the feasibility of developing a zoning project of forest ecosystem services and the practicability of optimizing the spatial structure of the services. The present study probes into the natural, social-economical status and problems of Huisun forest station, proposes to classify its land use types with forest production area, experimental area, research area and forest recreation area. Taking the relevant laws and site restrictions into consideration, we also propose an additional conservation area. Principles of ecological planning, forest ecosystem management and landscape ecology are applied to the planning and assessment in Huisun forest station. This case study indicates that principles of landscape ecology could be applied to practice rationally with the integrated application of landscape ecological planning approaches.