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上海市潮滩湿地大型底栖动物的空间分布格局
引用本文:全为民,赵云龙,朱江兴,施利燕,陈亚瞿.上海市潮滩湿地大型底栖动物的空间分布格局[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):5179-5187.
作者姓名:全为民  赵云龙  朱江兴  施利燕  陈亚瞿
作者单位:1. 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090
2. 华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海,200241
基金项目:上海市科学技术委员会城市建设攻关定向研究项目,中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)资助项目,上海市科委资助项目 
摘    要:通过对上海市6个典型潮滩湿地(崇明东滩、崇明北滩、九段沙、青草沙、南汇边滩和杭州湾北岸)的调查,共记录到大型底栖动物112种,甲壳动物、软体动物和环节动物分别占总物种数的51.8%、22.3%和18.8%。6个潮滩湿地中大型底栖动物生物量的空间分布呈现一致的规律,即高潮区〉中潮区〉低潮区;在生物量构成中,甲壳动物是最为重要的类群,其总体平均相对贡献率在51%~97%之间,软体动物的总体平均相对贡献率在2%~48%之间。大型底栖动物密度的空间分布在地点间存在较大差异,在崇明东滩、九段沙和杭州湾北岸湿地中,软体动物在数量上占优势;而在崇明北滩、青草沙和南汇边滩,甲壳动物却是优势类群。与20世纪80和90年代的调查资料相比,近20多年来上海市潮滩湿地中大型底栖动物生物量明显增加,但群落结构发生了根本改变,优势类群由个体较小的软体动物转变为平均体重较大的甲壳动物,这主要与人类活动(过度采捕、环境污染和生物促淤等因素)的强度干扰有关,也反映上海市潮滩湿地的环境质量和生态功能正在逐步下降。

关 键 词:潮滩湿地  大型底栖动物  生物量  上海市  长江口
收稿时间:2/4/2007 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2008/6/12 0:00:00

The spatial pattern of macrozoobenthic communities in the tidal wetlands of Shanghai City
QUAN Wei-Min,ZHAO Yun-Long,ZHU Jiang-Xing,SHI Li-Yan,CHEN Ya-Qu.The spatial pattern of macrozoobenthic communities in the tidal wetlands of Shanghai City[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(10):5179-5187.
Authors:QUAN Wei-Min  ZHAO Yun-Long  ZHU Jiang-Xing  SHI Li-Yan  CHEN Ya-Qu
Abstract:The macrozoobenthos were sampled in six tidal wetlands of Shanghai City (Chongming Dongtan, Chongming Beitan, Jiuduansha, Qingcaosha, Nanhui Biantan and the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay) along 27 transects from the high to low intertidal during 2004-2006. A total of 112 species was recorded. Crustaceans, mollusks and annelids were the dominant taxonomic groups and accounted for approximately 51.8%, 22.3% and 18.8% of the total number of species, respectively. The macrozoobenthic biomass in six tidal wetlands showed a consistent spatial distribution pattern, namely high intertidal > middle intertidal > low intertidal. The relative contributions of several taxonomic groups to the total biomass varied within and among the six tidal wetlands. Crustaceans accounted for about 51% to 97% of the total biomass of macrozoobenthic communities. Mollusks accounted for 2% to 48% of the total biomass and increased from the high to low intertidal in Dongtan and Jiuduansha wetland. There is no consistent spatial pattern for the total density of macrozoobenthic community in the six tidal wetlands. In three of them (Chongming Dongtan, Chongming Beitan and Jiuduansha), the greatest density of macrozoobenthic community appeared in the middle intertidal, with the lowest in the low intertidal. The relative contributions of major taxonomic groups to the total density also varied within and among the six tidal wetlands. In Chongming Dongtan, Jiuduansha and the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay, mollusks dominated the macrozoobenthic communities, accounted for between 66% and 77% of the total density. But in the other three wetlands (Chongming Beitan, Qingcaosha and Nanhui biantan), crustaceans were the dominant group. The mean macrozoobenthic biomass in the tidal wetlands sharply increased from the early 1980s and 1990s to the mid 2000s. The macrozoobenthic community in the tidal wetlands had shifted from the mollusk-dominated to crustaceans-dominated, which possibly resulted from the serious anthropologic disturbance (over-harvest, environmental pollution and biological accretion). The alternation in the community structure possibly influenced the biological production and ecological service value, decreased the quality of bird prey and nektons, and accelerated the biogeochemistry process of nutrients in the tidal wetlands.
Keywords:tidal wetlands  macrozoobenthos  biomass  Shanghai City  Yangtze River estuary
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