Role of FGFs in skeletal muscle and limb development |
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Authors: | Bradley B Olwin Kirstin Arthur Kevin Hannon Patrick Hein Zhaohui Zhou Michael E Zuber Arthur J Kudla Aidan McFall Alan C Rapraeger Bruce Riley Gyrgyi Szebenyi John F Fallon |
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Institution: | Bradley B. Olwin,Kirstin Arthur,Kevin Hannon,Patrick Hein,Zhaohui Zhou,Michael E. Zuber,Arthur J. Kudla,Aidan McFall,Alan C. Rapraeger,Bruce Riley,Györgyi Szebenyi,John F. Fallon |
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Abstract: | Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of nine proteins that bind to three distinct types of cell surface molecules: (i) FGF receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFR-1 through FGFR-4); (ii) a cysteine-rich FGF receptor (CFR); and (iii) heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Signaling by FGFs requires participation of at least two of these receptors: the FGFRs and HSPGs form a signaling complex. The length and sulfation pattern of the heparan sulfate chain determines both the activity of the signaling complex and, in part, the ligand specificity for FGFR-1. Thus, the heparan sulfate proteoglycans are likely to play an essential role in signaling. We have recently identified a role for FGF in limb bud development in vivo. In the chick limb bud, ectopic expression of the 18 kDa form of FGF-2 or FGF-2 fused to an artificial signal peptide at its amino terminus causes skeletal duplications. These data, and the observations that FGF-2 is localized to the subjacent mesoderm and the apical ectodermal ridge in the early developing limb, suggest that FGF-2 plays an important role in limb outgrowth. We propose that FGF-2 is an apical ectodermal ridgederived factor that participates in limb outgrowth and patterning. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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Keywords: | Fibroblast growth factors Receptors Skeletal Muscle Limb Development |
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