NO Gas Loss from Biologically Crusted Soils in Canyonlands National Park,Utah |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Nichole?N?BargerEmail author Jayne?Belnap Dennis?S?Ojima Arvin?Mosier |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 80309 Boulder, CO, USA;(2) USGS-BRD, Canyonlands Field Station, 84532 Moab, UT, USA;(3) The Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 80523 Fort Collins, CO, USA;(4) USDA-ARS, Arvin mosier, 2150 Centre Ave., Building D, Suite 100, 80526 Fort Collins, CO, USA |
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Abstract: | In this study, we examined N gas loss as nitric oxide (NO) from N-fixing biologically crusted soils in Canyonlands National
Park, Utah. We hypothesized that NO gas loss would increase with increasing N fixation potential of the biologically crusted
soil. NO fluxes were measured from biologically crusted soils with three levels of N fixation potential (Scytonema-Nostoc-Collema spp. (dark)>Scytonema-Nostoc-Microcoleus spp. (medium)>Microcoleus spp. (light)) from soil cores and field chambers. In both cores and field chambers there was a significant effect of crust
type on NO fluxes, but this was highly dependent on season. NO fluxes from field chambers increased with increasing N fixation
potential of the biologically crusted soils (dark>medium>light) in the summer months, with no differences in the spring and
autumn. Soil chlorophyllasis Type a content (an index of N fixation potential), percent N, and temperature explained 40% of the variability in NO fluxes from
our field sites. Estimates of annual NO loss from dark and light crusts was 0.04-0.16 and 0.02-0.11-N/ha/year. Overall, NO
gas loss accounts for approximately 3-7% of the N inputs via N fixation in dark and light biologically crusted soils. Land
use practices have drastically altered biological soil crusts communities over the past century. Livestock grazing and intensive
recreational use of public lands has resulted in a large scale conversion of dark cyanolichen crusts to light cyanobacterial
crusts. As a result, changes in biologically crusted soils in arid and semi-arid regions of the western US may subsequently
impact regional NO loss. |
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Keywords: | Biological soil crust Canyonlands National Park Colorado Plateau Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen gas loss Nitric oxide |
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