中国长翅目昆虫化石研究现状

长翅目昆虫在地史纪录上可以追溯到早二叠纪,是全变态昆虫中最原始的种类之一.截至目前,29篇关于中国长翅目昆虫化石分类的论著发表,共描述我国长翅目昆虫化石11科28属51种,这些化石分布于从三叠纪到白垩纪的不同地层中.本文通过图表提供了我国已发现的长翅目化石名录并介绍了其分布和年代,回顾了我国长翅目昆虫化石的研究进展,指出了一些分类存在的问题,简要慨述了长翅目中一些科的起源与演化以及长翅目与其它全变态昆虫的关系.我国长翅目化石种类丰富,但在基础分类、系统演化方面还缺乏系统的研究,因而许多工作甚至最基础的分类工作亟待开展.

CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF RESEARCH ON MECOPTERA FOSSILS IN CHINA

Mecoptera have a very well-documented fossil history.Based on the geological record,the earliest putative mecopteroids were from the Lower Permian.Up to now,29 publications dealing with Chinese fossils of Mecoptera have appeared.There are 11 families,28 genera and 51 species described from the strata of the Triassic to the Cretaceous periods,among them only 4 families remain extant.In the Triassic and Jurassic,mecopteroids were very abundant and diverse;by the Cretaceous their numbers waned considerably.A checklist of Chinese mecopteran fossils with their distribution and geological age is given.The current status and some problems on the taxonomic researches on fossil Mecoptera are reviewed.Numerous mecopteran fossils were found from China,most of course known only as wings or parts of body,and so their classification is obscure and even confusing.The study on fossil Mecoptera is vital to interpret some major problems of this order,which are still unaccounted till now,such as the geographical origin,phylogenetic relationships and mechanism of distribution pattern.In this paper,origin and evolution of some families within this order,and the relationships between Mecoptera and other holometabolous are summarized briefly.Obviously,greater knowledge of body structures of the extinct species is necessary before the main phylogenetic lines can be derived.