广西野生淡水鱼类的物种多样性及其资源的可持续利用

广西地形复杂,河流众多,适于不同鱼类的栖息和繁殖.经对分布于广西境内的各水系鱼类资源的调查、对相关馆藏标本的进一步鉴定以及对相关文献的整理,目前已知广西淡水鱼类15目37科143属290种和亚种,其中很多种类具有重要经济价值.对广西及其邻近省区鱼类多样性指数的计算、比较和分析表明,广西地区G指数最高,F指数和G-F指数除低于云南外,高于广东、海南、贵州和湖南.广西野生淡水鱼类的显著特点是物种多样性高,特有属、种多,很多物种分布区狭窄,区系成分表现出明显的东洋界特点,不同水系鱼类组成各具特色.近年来,广西自然水域的野生鱼类资源的破坏较为严重,本文对广西野生淡水鱼类资源的可持续利用进行了讨论.

SPECIES DIVERSITY OF WILD FRESHWATER FISHES AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF THE FISH RESOURCE IN GUANGXI, CHINA

Due to the peculiar geography such as complex topographic form, temperate weather, abundant rainfall, numerous rivers, etc., the diversity of fish species in Guangxi is very high. 290 species or subspecies, belonging to 143 genera, 37 families, and 15 orders, have been collected or recorded fill now. Some of them have very high commercial value. Gomparing with the neighbouring provinces such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong and Hainan, G-F index analysis of the species diversity of freshwater fishes showed that Guangxi can be ranked as the second and just follows Yunnan where is the most abundant province of species diversity of freshwater fishes in the Mainland of China. Except for rich species diversity, numerous endemic genera and species exist or some species which exist yet in other neighboring provinces have narrow distribution area in Guangxi. The fish fauna of Guangxi presents a peculiarity of the Oriental Region according to the zoogeographical analysis. These days, the stock of Guangxi freshwater fishes has been greatly decreased, we discussed the solution for the sustainable utilization of wild freshwater fish resource.