鲤科盘鮈属鱼类系统发育及其历史地理分布格局解析

以盘鮈属鱼类作为内群,以巴马拟缨鱼作为外群。通过形态比较共筛选出85个稳定的特征,形成形态特征状态矩阵表。以PAUP4.0b软件,采用均权方式,在无序和有序状态下分别按Heuristic、Branch-and-Bound以及Bootstrap等3种方式计算和构树。每种方法计算均得到唯一的1棵树,最大简约树与严格一致树、Bootstrap值检测树呈现微小差异。但仅最大简约树体现了各种之间先后分化的次序以及各姐妹群之间的关系,所以选择最大简约树作为盘鮈鱼类的系统发育树。其结果显示,盘鮈具小吸盘的种类与具大吸盘的种类分别构成了A、B两支。B支又可分为C、D两支。其中,C支的种类以吻端形成1对明显珠星,甚至形成吻突而区别于同属中具大吸盘的其他种类。运用Component(2.0)软件计算,得到盘鮈属种类分布河流的唯一分支树,其结构基本与水系的地理分布成对应关系。盘鮈属鱼类祖先的形成时期应为第4纪中期之初或更早。古云贵高原是盘鮈属鱼类的起源、分布和分化中心。云贵高原面的抬升与河流的袭夺促成了盘鮈属鱼类的多次分化和扩散,由此形成了该属鱼类的现今分布格局。

PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS DISCOGOBIO(CYPRINIDAE)WITH EXPLANATION OF ITS HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN

The species of Discogobio were as an ingroup and Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis was as an outgroup. After comparing their morphology,eighty-five steady characters were chosen and the matrix of character states was formed. Characters were set as unordered and ordered,and had equal weightings. The trees were constructed using methods of Heuristic,Branch-and-Bound and Bootstrap by PAUP 4.0b. Only one tree was retained for each method. The most-parsimonious tree,the bootstrap 50 % majority-rule consensus tree an...