鸟类鸣声行为对其物种分化和新种形成影响

鸟声和鸟类的形态特征一样，具有物种的特异性，在鸟类分类和野外识别方面是有意义的，从生物种的基本概念出发，新种的形成有赖于两个亲缘种群间不能相互婚配和繁殖隔离的产生。鸟类主要的有关特征是在配对形成过程中的听觉和视觉特征，如果出现鸣声特征的差异，而且这种差异已经超出了种间“语言通讯”的变化范围，那么它就有可能与群内其它异笥无法配对，从而被排除到该种群或种的范围之外，然而鸣禽的鸣唱有时在不同种群间变化很大，而在同一种群内比较稳定，从而形成种群的方言，在方言种群之间，如果长期隔离，就会在种群之间形成障碍乃至遗传上的隔离，从而使种群间失去了相互配偶的机会，新的亚种或种可能由此形成，文章最后假设出了基于鸣声行为的鸟类新种形成机理图解。

AN APPROACH TO DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIATION OF BIRDS BASED ON VOCALIZATION

Like morphology, bird songs have no doubt the specific characteristics with significance in classification and field identification. From the basic biological species concept, the new species forming is result from breeding isolation of two closely related species and no hybridization being taken place between two populations. The most important characteristics for birds are their auditory and visual traits during their paring. If the difference of vocalization exists, and this difference beyond their language communication variation scale, then one most possibly can not pair mating with the other sex in a population, and thus be out of the population or species range. But especially songs of some oscine are much varied among different populations, while much steadily within a population, which forms a dialect. If long time isolation is existed among these dialect populations, there will be the isolation in geographic or even in genetic populations, and thus make the population lost their mating opportunities. Furthermore, new subspecies or species will be formed. In the end, the paper visualized the diagram of bird speciation mechanism based on vocalization. This speciation motor consists of three processes: input-output-circulate.