似鮈类鱼类的系统发育研究（鲤形目：鲤科）

本文通过对似类８属１３种和外类群７属１０种鱼类的比较研究，选取３７个骨骼及外部特征，运用外类群比较法进行特征分析，根据分支系统学原理重建了似类的系统发育。特征分析和系统发育分析表明似类是具有许多共同离征的单系群，朝着流水性底栖生活和刮食性的主干方向发展；其中以似属最原始，胡属最特化构成７对姐妹群。蛇属是较早分化出的相对特化的类群，棒花鱼属和小鳔属的关系相对较远。

STUDIES ON PHYLOGENY OF THE PSEUDOGOBIINI FISHES(CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE)

The pseudogobiini fishes, comprising & genera, namely, Pseudogobio, Saurogobio, Abbottina, Biwia, Rostrogobio, Microphysogobio, Platysmacheilus and Huigobio, are a groupo f rheophlica benthic freshwater fishes and endemic to East Asia. Based on the comparativestudies of 13 species belonging to & genera of pseudogobiini fishes and 10 species belonging to7 genera of outgroup, by character transform polarity being determined using the outgroupcomparison method, 37 osteological and external characters were selected for the cladisticanalysis which resulted in a well-corroborated cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of those & genera.The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the pseudogobiini fishes share a large number ofsynapomorphies, which support that they form a monophyletic group. Evidence is presentedto support the following hypotheses: 1) Pseudogobio is the most primitive genus among thepseudogobiini genera, and forms the sister group of all remaining genera; 2) Abbottina, Biwia, Rostrogodio, Microphysogobio, Plotysmacheilus and Huigobio form a monophyleticgroup with saurogobio as its sister group ; 3) Saurogrkio is a comparatively specialized groupin spite of its early split from the cladogram; 4 ) Biwia, Rostrogobio, Microphysogobio,Platysmacheilus and Huigobio form a monophyletic group which is the sister group of Abbottina; 5 ) Rostrogobio, Microphysogobio, Platysmacheilus and Huigobio constitute a monthphyletic group with Biwia as its sister group; 6) Platysmacheilus and Huigobio represent themost advanced sister group.By the analysis of character evolution, the pseudogobiini fishes are considered to haveevolved to the direction of rheophlical benthic life and scraping feeding habits, which represents a main lineage of their phylogeny.