中国动物地理亚区繁殖鸟类地理分布格局与时空变化

以中国动物地理亚区统计了1976年郑作新出版的《中国鸟类分布名录》和2005年郑光美主编出版的《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》中繁殖鸟类的分布数据,结果显示:在1976年前,中国鸟类丰富度最高的动物地理亚区为西南山地亚区,其次为滇南山地亚区,而以羌塘高原亚区鸟类物种丰富度最低,黄淮平原亚区次差。2005年,鸟类丰富度最高、次高及最低的亚区与1976年相同,次差的亚区为台湾亚区。自1976年至2005年,鸟类物种丰富度在不同亚区出现明显的增加,平均每个亚区分布物种数由1976年的232种增至2005年的281种,而且具有很大的相关性;其中滇南山地亚区增加种类最多,而羌塘高原亚区和东部草原亚区增加的幅度最大;在海南岛和台湾亚区则变化较小。这些可能是由于物种在不同亚区间存在的可能扩散通道和岛屿型稳定气候及地理隔离限制了物种与其它亚区间的扩散等造成的。这些变化不仅与Leietal.(2007)提出的"地理隔离"假设结论比较一致,与雷富民等(2006)提出的西南山地-横断山区为中国鸟类特有种物种多样性中心和西南山地为物种分化中心等观点一致,而且进一步显示西南山地亚区鸟类物种有向滇南山地亚区扩散的现象,并且依然在持续中。用聚类...

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND ITS TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF BIRDS BREEDING IN ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL SUBREGION OF CHINA

This paper analyzed breeding bird's distribution data of 1976 and 2005 in zoogeographical subregions of China. The results showed: before 1976, Southwest Mountainnous Subregion was the subregion with the highest species richness, Southem Yunnan Hilly Subregion was followed; Qiangtang Plateau Subregion had the lowest species richness and Huang-Huai Plain Subregion was followed. In 2005, the birds' subregions with the first, second highest and lowest richness were the same as the ones in 1976, but Taiwan Subregion became the region with the second lowest richness. From 1976 to 2005, an obvious increase of birds' richness among different subregions was occured. The average number of species in each subregion grew from 232 of 1976 to 281 of 2005, showing strong correlations. Southern Yunnan Hilly Subregion had the most species number of rncreasement, while Qiangtang Plateau Subregion and East Meadow Subregion had the biggest extension of number increase. The change in Hainan and Taiwan Subregion was rather small. The possible causes were that stable climate on the islands and geographical isolation from the mainland which restricted the migration of birds. These variations coincided with "geographical isolation" hypothesis of Lei et al. (2007) but also, revealed the dispersal behavior from Southwest Mountainous Subregion to Southem Yunnan Hilly Subregion was still ongoing. The analysis results of species in avifaunal subregions of China by cluster method (Jaccard) and PAE method were basically consistent, which supported two realms (palaearctic realm and oriental realm) of zoogeographical regon divided by the line of Qinling Mountains. There was no notable difference in avifaunal zoogeographical pattern of China before and after 30 years by cluster analysis. The accordance of present analysis and zoogeographical region division in Cheng (1976) , Zhang (1991) , and Cheng (1997) 's reflected long term stability in evolution of avifauna. Besides, it was reasonably considered the East Meadow Subregion should be incorporated into Northeast Region from Mongo-Xinjiang Region.