Influence of Deglaciation on Microbial Communities in Marine Sediments Off the Coast of Svalbard,Arctic Circle |
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Authors: | Soo-Je Park Byoung-Joon Park Man-Young Jung So-Jeong Kim Jong-Chan Chae Yul Roh Matthias Forwick Ho-Il Yoon Sung-Keun Rhee |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Microbiology,Chungbuk National University,Cheongju,Republic of Korea;2.Division of Biotechnology,Chonbuk National University,Iksan,Republic of Korea;3.Faculty of Earth System and Environmental Science,Chonnam National University,Gwangju,Republic of Korea;4.Department of Geology,University of Troms?,Troms?,Norway;5.Korea Polar Research Institute,Inchon,Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Increases in global temperatures have been shown to enhance glacier melting in the Arctic region. Here, we have evaluated
the effects of meltwater runoff on the microbial communities of coastal marine sediment located along a transect of Temelfjorden,
in Svalbard. As close to the glacier front, the sediment properties were clearly influenced by deglaciation. Denaturing gradient
gel electrophoresis profiles showed that the sediment microbial communities of the stations of glacier front (stations 188–178)
were distinguishable from that of outer fjord region (station 176). Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that total
carbon and calcium carbonate in sediment and chlorophyll a in bottom water were key factors driving the change of microbial
communities. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries suggested that microbial diversity was higher within the glacier–proximal
zone (station 188) directly affected by the runoffs than in the outer fjord region. While the crenarchaeotal group I.1a dominated
at station 176 (62%), Marine Benthic Group-B and other Crenarchaeota groups were proportionally abundant. With regard to the
bacterial community, alpha-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteria lineages prevailed (60%) at station 188, whereas delta-Proteobacteria (largely sulfate-reducers) predominated (32%) at station 176. Considering no clone sequences related to sulfate-reducers,
station 188 may be more oxic compared to station 176. The distance-wise compositional variation in the microbial communities
is attributable to their adaptations to the sediment environments which are differentially affected by melting glaciers. |
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