Occurrence and Persistence of Erythromycin Resistance Genes (erm) and Tetracycline Resistance Genes (tet) in Waste Treatment Systems on Swine Farms |
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Authors: | Jing Chen Frederick C Michel Jr Srinand Sreevatsan Mark Morrison Zhongtang Yu |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;(2) Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;(3) Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;(4) Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA;(5) CSIRO Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; |
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Abstract: | Animal manure from modern animal agriculture constitutes the single largest source of antibiotic resistance (AR) owing to
the use of large quantities of antibiotics. After animal manure enters the environment, the AR disseminates into the environment
and can pose a potentially serious threat to the health and well-being of both humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated
the efficiency of three different on-farm waste treatment systems in reducing AR. Three classes of erythromycin resistance
genes (erm) genes (B, F, and X) conferring resistances to macrolide–lincosamides–streptogramin B (MLSB) and one class of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) gene (G) conferring resistance to tetracyclines were used as models. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used
to determine the reservoir sizes of these AR genes present in the entire microbiome. These classes of AR genes varied considerably
in abundance, with erm(B) being more predominant than erm(F), erm(X), and tet(G). These AR genes also varied in persistence in different waste treatment systems. Aerobic biofiltration reduced erm(X) more effectively than other AR genes, while mesophilic anaerobic digestion and lagoon storage did not appreciably reduce
any of these AR genes. Unlike chemical pollutants, some AR genes could increase after reduction in a preceding stage of the
treatment processes. Season might also affect the persistence of AR. These results indicate that AR arising from swine-feeding
operations can survive typical swine waste treatment processes and thus treatments that are more effective in destructing
AR on farms are required. |
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