Survey of Chickpea Rhizobia Diversity in Portugal Reveals the Predominance of Species Distinct from Mesorhizobium ciceri and Mesorhizobium mediterraneum |
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Authors: | Ana Alexandre Clarisse Brígido Marta Laranjo Sérgio Rodrigues and Solange Oliveira |
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Institution: | (1) Laborat?rio de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ci?ncias Agr?rias Mediterr?nicas (I.C.A.M.), Universidade de ?vora, ?vora, Portugal;(2) Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de ?vora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 ?vora, Portugal; |
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Abstract: | Several Mesorhizobium species are able to induce effective nodules in chickpea, one of the most important legumes worldwide. Our aims were to examine
the biogeography of chickpea rhizobia, to search for a predominant species, and to identify the most efficient microsymbiont,
considering Portugal as a case study. One hundred and ten isolates were obtained from continental Portugal and Madeira Island.
The 16S ribosomal RNA gene phylogeny revealed that isolates are highly diverse, grouping with most Mesorhizobium type strains, in four main clusters (A–D). Interestingly, only 33% of the isolates grouped with Mesorhizobium ciceri (cluster B) or Mesorhizobium mediterraneum (cluster D), the formerly described specific chickpea microsymbionts. Most isolates belong to cluster A, showing higher sequence
similarity with Mesorhizobium huakuii and Mesorhizobium amorphae. The association found between the province of origin and species cluster of the isolates suggests biogeography patterns:
most isolates from the north, center, and south belong to clusters B, A, and D, respectively. Most of the highly efficient
isolates (symbiotic effectiveness >75%) belong to cluster B. A correlation was found between species cluster and origin soil
pH of the isolates, suggesting that pH is a key environmental factor, which influences the species geographic distribution.
To our knowledge, this is one of the few surveys on chickpea rhizobia and the first systematic assessment of indigenous rhizobia
in Portugal. |
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