普通小麦D2型CMS系的育性基因及其遗传特性

通过研究普通小麦D^2型CMS－育性恢复体系中育性基因的种类及其遗传特性。结果表明：（1）D^2型不育系具有较好的不育性保持与恢复特征，在一般的普通小麦品种（系）中具有广泛的恢复（基因）源、可恢复度高（恢复度超过50％的品种或品质占到33．61％），也能较容易地转育出新的不育系（完全保持不育性的品种或品系占到25．21％），这一特征明显优于现有T、K、V型等不育系。（2）D^2型不育系的不育性受核内不育基因和抑制基因控制，相应的核基因型分为Al（不育基因）、A2（不育基因＋抑制基因）两类；恢复纱的恢复性受核内主效恢复基因、微效恢复基因和抑制基因控制，相应的核基因型分为C1（主效恢复基因）、C2(驻效恢复基因＋微效恢复基因）、C3（微效恢复基因）、C4（主效恢复基因＋抑制基因）、C5（主效恢复基因＋微效恢复基因＋抑制基因）、C6（微效恢复基因＋抑制基因）6种。环境条件的变化对育性基因、尤其是微效恢复基因和抑制基因的遗传效应有不同程度的影响。D^2型不育有效杂交组合的模型为：A1＋C1`A1 C2、A2＋C2。（3）D^2型不育系等位恢复基因的遗传表现为不完全显性，非等位恢复基因的遗传表现出积效应，这正是强恢复系德育的理论依据之一。

Studies on Fertility Genes and Its Genetic Characters in D2-type CMS Lines of Common Wheat

The kinds of fertility genes and its genetic characters for D 2 type CMS lines of common wheat were studied, the results showed: (1) For D 2 type CMS line, there was wide restoring sources and high digree of restoration in common wheat varieties (the restoring digree of 33.61% varieties exceeded 50%), and new CMS lines were easily bred (25.21% varieties could maintain male sterility). These characters indicated that D 2 type CMS line was higher value in applied study, compared with T, K, V type CMS lines. (2) There were two forms of nuclear genotype for D 2 type CMS lines, namely A1(sterile gene) and A2(sterile gene+inhibiting gene). In nucleus of restorer lines, the fertility genotype was conditioned by 6 forms: C1(major restorer gene), C2(major restorer gene+minor restorer gene), C3(minor restorer gene), C4(major restorer gene+inhibiting gene), C5(major restorer gene+minor restorer gene+inhibiting gene), C6(minor restorer gene+inhibiting gene). The genetic expression of fertility genes was affected by environmental factors. The basic model of effective combination was A1+C1, A1+C2, A2+C2. (3) The allelic restorer genes were characterized by incomplete dominance and the nonallelic restorer genes were characterized by additive effect, which was the important basis of breeding good restorer lines.