普遍野生稻和亚洲栽培稻遗传多样性的研究

用 ４４个 ＲＦＬＰ标记对来自中国、印度、泰国等亚洲 １０个国家的普通野生稻（简称普野，下同）和来自多个国家的７５个栽培稻品种，从多态位点的比率、等位基因数、基因型数、平均杂合度及平均基因多样性等多个方面，比较了不同国家和不同地区的普通野生稻、栽培稻籼粳亚种及栽培稻与普野之间遗传多样性的差异。结果表明：中国普野的遗传多样性最大；其次是印度普野；南亚普野的平均基因多样性大于东南亚普野，而多态位点的比率、等位基因数及基因型数等却低于东南亚普野；栽培稻的遗传多样性明显小于普通野生稻。在所检测的４４个位点中，栽培稻的多态位点数仅为野生稻的３／４，等位基因数约为野生稻的６０％，基因型种类约为野生稻的１／２。栽培稻中籼稻的遗传多样性高于粳稻。在平均每个位点的实际杂合度上，以中国普野杂合度最高，普通野生稻是栽培稻的２倍。说明从野生稻演化成栽培稻的过程中，经过自然选择和人工选择，杂合度降低，等位基因减少，基因多样性下降。

A study of the Genetic Diversity of common wild Rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) and cultivated Rice (O. sativa L.) by RFLP Analysis

The genetic diversity of cultivated rice and common wild rice from 10 countries in Asia were evaluated by RFLP analysis using 44 probes of single copy. We used the parameters such as proportion of polymorphic loci (n, average number of alleles Per locus (A), average number genotype Per locus (Ng), degree of heterozygate Per locus (Ho) and average gene diversity (Hs) showing genetic diversity. It is indicated that the common wild rice from China has the largest genetic diversity in the 10 countries, and the secondary is the common wild rice from india. The results also showed that the genetic diversity in Chinese common wild rice is larger than the genetic diversity in common wild rice of South and Southeast Asia. The average gene diversity (Hs) of South Asian wild rice is higher than Southeast Asian wild rice, while the parameters value of proportion of polymorphic loci (n, average number of alleles Per locus (A) and average number genotype Per locus (Ng), Southeast Asian wild rice is higher than South Asian wild rice. It is found that the genetic diversity in cultivated rice is obviously lower than in common wild rice. In the detected 44 loci, the number of polymorphic loci on O. sativa is as the same as 3 / 4 in O. rufipogon, the number of alleles in O. sativa is as the same as 60% in O. rufipogon, the number of genotype in O. saliva is as same as l/2 in O. rufipogon In O. sativa, the genetic diversity of indica is larger than that of japonica. O. rufipogon from China have highest value in degree of hetrozygate per locus (Ho), and Ho of wild rice is as two bines as cultivated rice. It is showed that in the proceeding of wild rice evolved into cultivated rice, Ho and number of alleles was reduced, and the genetic diversity was decreased.