采用微卫星DNA标记分析部分地方鸡种保种场的保种效果

采用28对微卫星引物分析了我国两个地方鸡种大骨鸡和北京油鸡不同保种场的保种效果。检测了大骨鸡和北京油鸡共计125个个体的基因型，通过计算等位基因数、等位基因频率、遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(P，G)、F统计量、Nei氏遗传距离，并采用UPGMA聚类法分析了大骨鸡和北京油鸡群体内与群体间的遗传变异，比较了两个鸡种不同保种场的保种效果。在所检测的4个群体中，各群体均有较高的多态性，其杂合度都超过了0．55，各位点等位基因的数目为2～22。除LE110194和MCW0032外，其余26个微卫星位点都处于基因平衡状态。结果表明，4个保种场均较好的保存了这些品种的遗传多样性，但同一品种保种场间保种群体已经产生了差异。

Conservation Efficiency of Local Chicken Breeds in Different Farms as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

Twenty-eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze the conservation efficiency of two local chicken breeds (Dagu Chicken and Beijing Fatty Chicken) in different farms.Genotypes were detected in 125 samples.The genetic variations among and within the populations were calculated by the number of alleles,gene frequency,genetic heterozygosity(H),PIC,F-statistics,Nei's genetic distance and UPGMA.High polymorphism was found in the four populations,and H and PIC values of each population were more than 0.5.All loci detected in the study showed polymorphism and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 22 in total population.Most of these loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except two loci (LEI10194,MCW0032).The four conservation farms for the two breeds were shown to have retained substantial biodiversity,indicating that the conservation programs are efficient.However,differences between the farms of the same breeds were observed.