节节麦和硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体间杂种的产生及其细胞遗传学研究

通过胚培养产生了节节麦和硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体间的杂种。结果表明节节麦和硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂交以节节麦作母本较易结实,3个组合的结实率分别为59.18%、67.72%和60.22%,胚培成苗率分别为39.13%、38.10%和50%。杂种F_1生活力旺盛,形态像父本硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体。杂种自交可孕,3个组合自交结实率平均为7.63%。杂种F_1(ABVD)的减数分裂平均构型为25.36个单价体,1.21个二价体和0.06个三价体,平均每个细胞交叉结频率为1.38,高于“中国春”单倍体的配对频率,推测V组和A、B、D组染色体间有部分同源关系。节节麦和硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂交可能是产生八倍体(AABBDDVV)的又一途径。

Production and Cytogenetic of Intergeneric Hybrids Between Aegilops tauschii and Triticum durum-Haynaldia villosa Amphidiploid

Hybrids between Aegilops tauschii (2/1 = 14, DD) and Triticum dnrnm-Haynaldia villosa amphidiploid (2n = 42, AABBVV) were produced by embryo culture technique. The results showed that it was easier to obtain hybrids when Ae. tauschii used as female, and seed set in the three cross combinations was 59.18%, 67.72% and 60.22% and embryo gemination 39.13%, 38.10% and 50%, respectively. The hybrids were fertile, vigorous and morphologically alike to T. durum-H. villosa amphidiploid. Mean selfed seed set of the three hybrids was 7.63%. The average cmomosome pairing in the hybrids (DABV) was 25.36 univalents, 1.21 bivalents and 0.06 trivalents and chiasmata per cell was 1.38. All were higher a than those in Chinese Spring hap-loid (ABD). It suggested that homology existed between V genome and A, B and D genomes. The hybridization between Ae. tauschii and T. durum-H. villosa amphidiploid might be a new way of producing octoploid (2n = 56, AABBDDVV).