推测187份玉米自交系基因组血统与分子亲缘关系

为提高育种效率以及开展重要 QTL 和关键基因关联性分析研究, 以 187 份生产上重要玉米自交系为材料, 以 70 个均匀分布于全基因组简单重复序列(SSR)基因座鉴定出的290个等位基因多态性为分析数据, 采用联合连锁位点与混合模型分析, 推测这些自交系的基因组血缘构成以及分子亲缘关系, 并分析了全基因连锁不平衡。当亚群数目 K=5 时, 导致似然值 P 明显下降, 亚群数据 K > 6 时, 似然值 P 没有明显上升, 表明群体结构的亚群数 K 最佳推测为 6。六个亚群分别为 PA、BSSS (含 Reid)、PB、兰卡斯特 (Lancaster)、旅大红骨 (旅大红骨及其衍生系)、四平头 (唐四平头及其衍生系)。亚群间的Kullback-Leibler 距离自 0.13 至 1.06 不等, 平均为 0.599, 各亚群间区分度较好。全基因组连锁不平衡(LD)分析表明: 与四平头种质类群内相比, 遗传基础宽泛种质的基因组内存在 LD"区块"(LD block)少且小, 对重要 QTLs 与基因的关联性分析可以避免假阳性。本研究群体结构与基因组构成分析数据为这些材料育种应用与改良提供了重要信息, 也为基于这些材料的关联性分析奠定了分析基础。

Inferring Genome Ancestry and Estimating Molecular Relatedness Among 187 Chinese Maize Inbred Lines

The inference of genome ancestry and the estimation of molecular relatedness are of great importance for breeding efficiency and association studies. Seventy SSR loci, evenly distributed in 10 chromosomes, were assayed for polymorphism among 187 commonly used maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds which represent the genetic diversity in China. The identified 290 alleles served as raw data for estimating population structure using the coalescent linked loci, based on the ADMIXTURE model. Population number, K, has been inferred to be between five and seven. Specifying five subpopulations (K = 5) led to a distinct decrease and specifying K to be greater than six resulted in only minimal increases in the likelihood value. Therefore, population number, K, has been inferred into six subpopulations, which are PA, BSSS (includes Reid), PB, Lan (Lancaster Sure Crop), LRC (Luda Reb Cob, a Chinese landrace, and its derivatives), and SPT (Si-ping-tou, a Chinese landrace and its derivatives). The Kullback-Leibler distance of pairwise subpopulation was also inferred as n xp (187 x 6) Q matrices, which gave a detailed percentage of genetic composition of six subpopulations and molecular relatedness of each line. The genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) indicated that the association studies in QTLs and/or candidate genes might avoid nonfunctional and spurious associations, as most of the LD blocks were broken among diverse germplasm. The defined population structure has given us a clear genetic structure of these lines for breeding practice and established a good basis for association analysis.